PHS3300 - Blood disorders Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What are the 3 functions of blood? - answer✔-transport (RBCs)
-thermoregulation
-defense (WBCs, platelets --> help maintain BV)
composition of blood: what are the two main components and how much do they account for?
- answer✔plasma and formed elements (blood cells)
formed elements include WBCs, RBCs, and platelets. account for 45% of BV
- erythrocytes = RBCs, leukocytes= WBC, thrombocytes = platelets
plasma accounts for 55% of BV
what is plasma composed of? - answer✔- mainly water and 7% proteins
- Albumin is 54% and is an important osmotic protein (helps maintain osmotic pressure)
- globulins help w/ our Abs
- fibrinogen is 7% (precursor of fibrin)
- prothrombin is just a plasma protein (not a serum protein) & is less than 1%
- fibrinogen & prothrombin are 2 important components of hemostasis
hematocrit - answer✔% of blood volume occupied by RBC (and WBCs + platelets)
- but p much all of that 45% is RBC
erythrocytes (RBCs) - answer✔Most abundant (4.2 to 6.2 million cells/ml)
Thrombocytes (Platelets) - answer✔involved in control of bleeding and formation of clots.
Platelets are the first part of this process forming the platelet plug.
not cells, but are Circulating cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocytes
150,000 to 400,000 platelets/ml
- may have trouble w/ bleeding if this drops
Release cytoplasmic granules involved in the hemostatic process
**Form blood clots and control bleeding
One third of body's platelets are in reserve (in the spleen)
leukocytes (WBCs) - answer✔Act primarily in tissues but circulate in blood & lymphatic system
5000 to 10,000 /ml of blood
**Protect the body by phagocytosis of microorganisms
Form immune antibodies
which stem cell gives rise to all formed elements of blood? "hemocytoblast"
what is the implication of this? - answer✔pluripotential stem cells
This means, if something happens to this one stem cell, everything downstream is affected.
what do pluripotential stem cells give rise to? - answer✔gives rise to 2 daughter cells:
myeloid cell (red blood cells, thrombocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), and
lymphoid arm (B cells, T cells, natural killer cells)
**monocyte = macrophage in tissue
** granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
general hematologic tests:
what is a CBC - answer✔complete blood cell count
total number of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets per unit of blood.
-- We have a range for healthy amount. Getting a CBC will give us an idea if we have too many
or too little of a specific formed element
general hematologic tests:
what is a WBC differential count? - answer✔a measure of the relative percentages of the
individual WBC type.
-- WBCs = the fewest formed element. 5 types (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil (granulocytes),
monocytes, lymphocytes)
-- During infection, neutrophil amount rises.
general hematologic tests:
blood smear - answer✔Inspection of a blood smear will identify morphological (physical)
abnormalities such as a change in size, shape or colour of cells.
sample of blood with different dyes can tell us physiological changes or morphological
abnormalities that might be occurring: sickling of RBCs for example.
erythrocyte indices - we did a count, now this is one way we can monitor red blood cells
describe
RBC count
Hematocrit count
Hemoglobin (Hb) - answer✔How many RBCs (usu b/t 4-6 milli/microleter)
% of total blood volume occupied by RBCs
-- usu around 45%, can be low in some anemias & high is referred to as polycythemia
hemoglobin (hb): # of grams of Hb/L of blood
-- (will be a reflection of color of red blood cells. This is because iron of hemoglobin gives blood
its color)
erythrocyte indices - we did a count, now this is one way we can monitor red blood cells
describe
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