nremt prep 2025/2026 p.c.e.m.s.
How to open a patients airway
open the airway- head tilt, chin carry(medical calls) jaw thrust manuever ( trauma). Clean the
airway suction rquired 15 secs nose to ear jaw to ear opa/npa. Ventilate bvm 15 at 15 lpm each
five to 6 secs e/c grip
what is the difference among nasal cannaula, non re breather mask, bag valve mask?
Nasal canauala- o2 1-6lpm( low 02 but mild signs and symptoms). Non re breather - 02 15 lpm
resp misery w/low spo2. Bag valve mask- ventilation, 15 lpm unable to manage own airway,
maximum normally unresponsive w / low rr
what are the three essential lung sounds?
Wheezing aka constriction: bronchial asthma anaphylaxis copd. Rhonchi: pheumonia(
contamination/mucus) Rales: Chf (fluid)
What is stridor and its foremost causes:?
1. Croup 2. Epiglottis 3. Foriegn body air way obstruction four. Inhalation burn 5. Anaphylaxis 6.
High moi/ trauma
what's bronchial asthma?
1.Bronchoconstriction, mucus 2.Smoking allergic reactions, physical excertion. 3wheezing
cough w/ tighthess in chest acceleratory muscular tissues use tough time exhaling. Four. A way
to treat it ? Oxygen nrb masks 94-ninety nine% spo2/ cpap 5-10 cm h20
What is anaphylaxis?
Allergic reaction- one frame machine vs anaphylaxis- 2 or extra body systems. Excessive
allergic responses, that may be lifestyles threating. 1. Sign and signs insects bees, meals,
medicines 2.Stridor, wheezing, hives, nasuea/ vomitting three. Epinepherine- pen 0.3 mg im or jr
0.15 mg im ( oxygen and albuterol)
what are two sorts of copd?
Chronic bronchitis: blue bloaters. Overweight. Efficient cough. Immoderate mucus. Tight airlines.
Emphysema: red puffers. Skinny barrel chest. Cough handiest. Pursed lip respiratory. Non
elastic alveoli.
,What's copd and the way to deal with it?
Chronic respitory disesase , bronchoristiction, mucus, production, destruction of the alveoli
smoking, irrants, shipyards. 2. Wheezing, rhonchi, difficulty respiratory, tightness of the chest,
low spo2. How to deal with it- oxygen get affected person back to 94% sp02, albuterol, cpap
five-10 cm h20
What is pulminary embolism?
1. Thrombisis aka "lung attack" inside the pulminary atteries. 2. Chance factors- lengthy rides/
journey, surgical operation, cancer, being pregnant, beginning manipulate use, smokers. 3. Brief
of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, hypoxia. 4. Oxygen at 15lpm, maintain ninety four-ninety
nine% fast transport. Five. Transmit 12 lead ekg
what's chf and how to deal with it?
1. Chf is when the coronary heart fails as a pump, pulmonary edema can be life threatening. 2.
Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, excessive ldl cholesterol. 3. Rales bilateraly, jvd,
crimson sputum with cough, hypertension. Four. Oxygen( improve spo2) 12 lead ekg ( transmit)
cpap 10 cm h20 ( 5-10 cm h20)
what are two sorts of angina and what's there signs and symptoms?
Solid angina- stops w/ rest. Risky angina- persists even w/ rest. Constriction of clot aka
prinzmetal angina. Plaques in blood clot aka myocardial infraction.
What is a myocardial infarction and what's the signs and symptoms and symptoms?
Higher called a heart assault. 1. Mi is when a coronary artery is blocked, inflicting no blood drift
to the heart muscle. 2. People who smoke, diabetes, at age 50+, high blood pressure, excessive
cholesterol. 3. Crushing chest ache, left arm pain/ shoulder/ jaw/ nausea/ vomitting, weak spot/
malaise, lower back ache. 4. To deal with it oxygen, aim ninety four% or higher, asprin 324mg.
Assist w/ nitroglycerin/ transmit 12 lead ekg
what are the fundamental pulse factors?
1.Temporal pulse- temple of the head pulse. 2.Carotid pulse- facet of neck pulse. Three. Apicial
pulse- upper left collar bone pusle. 4. Brachial pulse- left arm underneath bicep pulse. Five
radial pulse- left wrist pulse. 6. Femoral pulse- the groin pulse. 7. Popliteal pulse- again of the
knee pulse. Eight. Posterior tibial- inner of the ankle. 9. Dorsalis pedis- top of the foot pulse
what's a stroke ( cerebrovascular twist of fate)? Aka a mind attack
, 1. Blockage/ hemorrage of cerebral artery that materials blood to the mind. 2. Smoking,
diabetes , hypertension, artical fibrillation, preceding stroke/ clot. 3. Stability does it appaer
normal? Eye imaginative and prescient/ nygstamous, facial droop? Arm go with the flow?
Speech, time ultimate appeared everyday (three-4.Five hr tpa)
what's a stomach aortic aneurysm?
1. Tear / rupture of the aorta. 2. Cardiac hazard elements: smoking superior age
diabities-chf-men 60-70 years antique. 3. Unexplained hypotension, pale pores and skin,
abdominal, syncope, btradycardia. Four. Oxygen iv fluids, rapid transport (als)
outline cardiac tamponade?
Is a penetraing trauma to the chest like a stabbing or taking pictures occasion consequently
inflicting tears in the heart chamber partitions
outline commotio cordis?
That is a circumstance that involes the affected person being hit via an item rectangular into the
coronary heart this trauma ends in surprising loss of life and ventricular fibrillation
What is Beck's triad?
Hypotension, Muffled Heart Sounds, JVD, narrowing pulse pressure
what's a tension pneumothorax?
Collasping of a lung due to trauma taht resukts in hypotension. 2. Disturbing risk, thin, young
guys. 3. Absent/ dimished lung sounds, unlaterally, hypotension, jvd, difficulty breathing, sharp
chest pain. Four. Oxygen, nrb masks, get spo2 above 94%
a way to treat tension pneumothorax?
3 sided drrssing, allow air escape not greater air enter. Bvm ventaliations, if patient cant
manage airway, the postive stress will assist.
Outline the 3 burn stages?
1st degree- just like sunburn (dermis simplest) 2. 2nd diploma burn- partial thickness-maximum
painful as its deep however nerves nonetheless in tact ( epoidermis, portial dermis) three
diploma- complete thickness, most damage nerves are broken inner most burn bones , muscle
tissues, tendons may be effected.
