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HOSA Nutrition Water and Electrolyte Balance Questions with Solutions
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HOSA Nutrition Water and Electrolyte Balance
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HOSA Nutrition Water and ElectrolyteBalance
Water is a component of - answer all body cells and the major component of blood
plasma. It is a solvent for nutrients and waste products and helps
How much of a normal adult body weight is water - answer50-60%
Body water is divided into two basic compartments - answer intracellular and
extracellular
Intracellular fluid (ICF) is water within - answer the cells and accounts for about 65% of
total body fluid
Extracellular fluid (ECF) is water - answer outside the cells and accounts for about 35%
of total body fluid, with 26% being from interstitial fluid and 9% coming from
intravascular fluid
Extracellular fluid is made up of - answer intravascular and interstitial fluids.
Interstitial fluid - answerfluid between cells
Solvent - answerliquid part of a solution
Functions of water - answerComponent of all body tissues providing structure and form,
Solvent for nutrients and body wastes and helps transfer both to and from body cells
through blood and chemical reactions, Provides transport for nutrients and wastes via
the blood and lymphatic system, Essential for hydrolysis and thus metabolism, Lubricant
in joints and in digestion, Helps regulate body temperature by evaporation of
perspiration, Serves as a shock absorber and sometimes mineral elements
Source of water - answerdrinking water is the best source, beverages of all types are
the second-best source, also found in foods, especially fruits, vegetables, soups, milk,
and gelatin desserts
What does energy metabolism produce? - answerwater, When carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins are metabolized, their end products include carbon dioxide and water
Homeostasis - answerstate of physical balance; stable condition
For homeostasis to occur - answerthe body must be in fluid and electrolyte balance.
This means the water lost by healthy individuals through urination, feces, perspiration,
, and the respiratory tract must be replaced in terms of both volume and electrolyte
content.
milliequivalents/liter (mEg/L) - answerwhat electrolytes are measured in, the
concentration of electrolytes in a solution
Noticeable water loss - answerwater lost through urination
Unnoticed water loss - answerfeces, perspiration, and respiration
How much water must the body excrete per day in order to get rid of waste products
from metabolism - answer500 ml of water a urine
What illnesses can result in large losses of water and electrolytes - answervomiting and
diarrhea, addressed quickly.
Environmental factor (with fluid imbalance) - answerexposure to sun or high
atmospheric temperatures
Personal behavior (with fluid imbalance in deficit) - answerfasting, fad diets, exercise
without adequate fluid replacement
Personal behavior (with fluid imbalance in excess) - answerexcessive sodium or water
intake, venous compression due to pregnancy
Psychological influences (with fluid imbalance with deficit) - answerDecreased
motivation to drink due to fatigue or depression, Excessive use of Laxatives, Enemas,
Alcohol, Caffeine
Psychological influences (with fluid imbalance with excess) - answerlow protein intake
due to anorexia
Consequences of diseases (with fluid imbalance with deficit) - answerFluid losses due
to Fever, Wound drainage, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Heavy menstrual flow, Burns or Difficulty
swallowing due to Oral pain, Fatigue, Neuromuscular weakness or Excessive urinary
output due to uncontrolled, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus
Consequences of diseases (with fluid imbalance with excess) - answerFluid retention
due to Renal failure, Cardiac conditions, Congestive heart failure, Valvular diseases,
Left ventricular failure, Cirrhosis, Cancer, Impaired venous return
Osmosis of water - answerflows from the side with the lesser amount of solute to the
side with the greater solute concentration.
What electrolytes maintain fluid balance - answersodium, chloride, and potassium are
the solutes
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