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MSN 610 Quiz 4 Questions and Answers 1024
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Exam of 11 pages for the course MSN 610 at MSN 610 (MSN 610 Quiz 4)
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MSN 610 Quiz 4Percussion - answer percuss at 4- to 5- cm intervals over the intercostal spaces,
Hyperresonance - answer associated with hyperinflation may indicate emphysema,
pneumothorax, or asthma.
Dullness or flatness - answer suggests pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, or
asthma
Diaphragmatic excursion - answer excursion distance is usually 3-5 cm.
diaphragm - answer usually higher on the right than on the left because it sits over the
bulk of the liver.
Tachypnea - answer persistent RR above this is an adult.
• Tachypnea - answer symptom of protective splinting from the pain of a broken rib or
pleurisy. Massive liver enlargement or abdominal ascites may prevent descent of the
diaphragm and produce a similar pattern.
Bradypnea - answer-rate slower than 12 respirations per min.
Bradypnea – answer o May indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection, or a
conscious response to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other irritative phenomena.
May also indicate an excellent level of cardiorespiratory fitness
Hyperventilation - answer breathing rapidly (tachypnea), breathing deeply (hyperpnea)
or both. Exercise and anxiety can cause hyperpnea, but so can CNS and metabolic
disease.
Kussmaul breathing - answer deep and most often rapid, associated with respiratory
acidosis.
Hypopnea - answerabnormally shallow respirations.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - answerregular periodic pattern of breathing with intervals of
apnea followed by crescendo/decrescendo sequence of respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - answero Children and adults may exhibit this pattern during
sleep, but otherwise occurs in patients who are seriously ill, particularly those with brain
damage at the cerebral level.
, Air trapping - answerresult of a prolonged but inefficient expiratory effort. trapping can
also result from increased resistance chronic bronchitis), decreased elastic recoil of the
lung (i.e., emphysema) or a drop in the critical closing pressure of the airway (i.e.,
asthma). may be Biot respiration
Air trapping - answerThe rate of respiration increases to compensate; as this happens,
the effort becomes more shallow, the amount of trapped air increases, and the lungs
hyperinflate. On a chronic basis, this can lead to barrel chest.
Biot or ataxic respiration - answerirregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted
by intervals of apnea, but lacking the repetitive pattern of periodic respiration.
Biot respiration - answerusually is associated with severe and persistent increased
intracranial pressure, respiratory compromise resulting from drug poisoning, or brain
damage at the level of the medulla and generally indicates a poor prognosis
prolonged expiration and bulging on expiration - answercaused by airway outflow
obstruction or the valvelike action of compression by a tumor, aneurysm, or enlarged
heart. The costal angle widens beyond 90 degrees.
Retraction - answer- chest wall caves in at the sternum, between ribs and at the
suprasternal notch, above clavicles, and at the lower costal margins.
Retraction - answerSuggests obstruction. o When object is high in the respiratory tree,
breathing is characterized as stridor.
Paradoxical breathing- - answerinspiration the lower thorax is drawn in, and on
expiration, the opposite occurs.
pursing - answer(increased expiratory effort),
clubbing - answerassociated with emphysema, lung cancer, and cyanosis of congenital
heart disease, cirrhosis, or CF),
alae nasi - answerflaring (sign of air hunger).
Smell the breath o Pulmonary infection - answer-malodorous
Smell the breath - DKA - answersweet pungent smell of ketosis
Primary muscles of respiration - answerdiaphragm (dominant) and intercostal muscles
'Accessory muscles of respiration - answer• 'Accessory muscles šternocleidomastoid
and trapezius - used in exercise or pulmonary compromise.
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