TEST BANK
BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
, Table of Contents
1. Introduction: The Nature of Drugs & Drug Development & Regulation
2. Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics
3. Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action
4. Drug Biotransformation
5. Pharmacogenomics
6. Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
7. Cholinoceptor-Activating & Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs
8. Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs
9. Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs
10. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs
11. Antihypertensive Agents
12. Vasodilators & the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
13. Drugs Used in Heart Failure
14. Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias
15. Diuretic Agents
16. Histamine, Serotonin, & the Ergot Alkaloids
17. Vasoactive Peptides
18. The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, & Related Compounds
19. Nitric Oxide
20. Drugs Used in Asthma
21. Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs
22. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
23. The Alcohols
24. Antiseizure Drugs
25. General Anesthetics
26. Local Anesthetics
27. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
28. Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism & Other Movement Disorders
29. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium
30. Antidepressant Agents
31. Opioid Agonists & Antagonists
32. Drugs of Abuse
33. Agents Used in Cytopenias; Hematopoietic Growth Factors
34. Drugs Used in Disorders of Coagulation
35. Agents Used in Dyslipidemia
36. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Nonopioid Analgesics, &Drugs
Used in Gout
37. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones
38. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs
,39. Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical Antagonists
40. The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors
41. Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs
42. Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis
43. Beta-Lactam & Other Cell Wall- & Membrane-Active Antibiotics
44. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, & Oxazolidinones
45. Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin
46. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones
47. Antimycobacterial Drugs
48. Antifungal Agents
49. Antiviral Agents
50. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents; Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants
51. Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
52. Antiprotozoal Drugs
53. Clinical Pharmacology of the Antihelminthic Drugs
54. Cancer Chemotherapy
55. Immunopharmacology
56. Introduction to Toxicology: Occupational & Environmental
57. Heavy Metal Intoxication & Chelators
58. Management of the Poisoned Patient
59. Special Aspects of Perinatal & Pediatric Pharmacology
60. Special Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology
61. Dermatologic Pharmacology
62. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
63. Therapeutic & Toxic Potential of Over-the-Counter Agents
64. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Medications
65. Rational Prescribing & Prescription Writing
66. Important Drug Interactions & Their Mechanisms
,Basic And Clinical Pharmacology 15th Edition Katzung Trevor Test Bank
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Nature Of Drugs & Drug Development & Regulation
1. A Nurse Working In Radiology Administers Iodine To A Patient Who Is
Having A Computed Tomography (CT) Scan. The Nurse Working On The
Oncology Unit Administers Chemotherapy To Patients Who Have Cancer.
At The Public Health Department, A Nurse Administers A Measles-Mumps-
Rubella (MMR) Vaccine ToA 14-Month-Old Child As A Routine
Immunization. Which Branch Of Pharmacology Best Describes The Actions
Of All Three Nurses?
A) Pharmacoeconomics
B) Pharmacotherapeutics
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE:
Pharmacology Is The Study Of The Biologic Effects Of Chemicals. Nurses
Are Involved With Clinical Pharmacology Or Pharmacotherapeutics, Which
Is A Branch Of Pharmacology That Deals With The Uses Of Drugs To Treat,
Prevent, And Diagnose Disease. The Radiology Nurse Is Administering A
Drug To Help Diagnose A Disease. The Oncology Nurse Is Administering A
Drug To Help Treat ADisease. Pharmacoeconomics Includes Any Costs
Involved In Drug Therapy.
Pharmacodynamics Involves How A Drug Affects The Body And
Pharmacokinetics Is How The Body Acts On The Body.
2. When Involved In Phase III Drug Evaluation Studies,
WhatResponsibilities Would The Nurse Have?
A) Working With Animals Who Are Given Experimental Drugs
B) Choosing Appropriate Patients To Be Involved In The Drug Study
C) Monitoring And Observing Patients Closely For Adverse Effects
D) Conducting Research To Determine Effectiveness Of The Drug
,ANSWER: C
RATIONALE:
Phase III Studies Involve Use Of A Drug In A Vast Clinical Population In
WhichPatients Are Asked To Record Any Symptoms They Experience
While Taking TheDrugs. Nurses May Be Responsible For Helping Collect
And Analyze The Information To Be Shared With The Food And Drug
Administration (FDA) ButWould Not Conduct Research Independently
Because Nurses Do Not Prescribe Medications. Use Of Animals In Drug
Testing Is Done In The Preclinical Trials. Select Patients Who Are
Involved In Phase II Studies To Participate In Studies Where The
Participants Have The Disease The Drug Is Intended To Treat. These
Patients Are Monitored Closely For Drug Action And Adverse Effects.
Phase I Studies Involve Healthy Human Volunteers Who Are Usually Paid
For Their Participation. Nurses May Observe For Adverse Effects And
Toxicity.
3. A Physician Has Ordered Intramuscular (IM) Injections Of Morphine, A
Narcotic, Every 4 Hours As Needed For Pain In A Motor Vehicle Accident
Victim. The Nurse Is Aware This Drug Has A High Abuse Potential. Under
What CategoryWould Morphine Be Classified?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Schedule IV
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE:
Narcotics With A High Abuse Potential Are Classified As Schedule II
Drugs Because Of Severe Dependence Liability. Schedule I Drugs Have
High Abuse Potential And No Accepted Medical Use. Schedule III Drugs
Have A Lesser Abuse Potential Than II And An Accepted Medical Use.
Schedule IV Drugs HaveLow Abuse Potential And Limited Dependence
Liability.
4. What Concept Is Considered When Generic Drugs Are Substituted For
BrandName Drugs?
,A) Bioavailability
B) Critical Concentration
C) Distribution
D) Half-Life
ANSWER: A
RATIONALE:
Bioavailability Is The Portion Of A Dose Of A Drug That Reaches The
Systemic Circulation And Is Available To Act On Body Cells. Binders
Used In A Generic Drug May Not Be The Same As Those Used In The
Brand Name Drug. Therefore, The Way The Body Breaks Down And Uses
The Drug May Differ, Which May Eliminate A Generic Drug Substitution.
Critical Concentration Is The Amount OfA Drug That Is Needed To Cause
A Therapeutic Effect And Should Not Differ Between Generic And Brand
Name Medications. Distribution Is The Phase Of Pharmacokinetics, Which
Involves The Movement Of A Drug To The Bodys Tissues And Is The
Same In Generic And Brand Name Drugs. A Drugs Half-Life IsThe Time It
Takes For The Amount Of Drug To Decrease To Half The Peak Level,
Which Should Not Change When Substituting A Generic Medication.
5. A Nurse Is Assessing The Patients Home Medication Use. After Listening
To ThePatient List Current Medications, The Nurse Asks What Priority
Question?
A) Do You Take Any Generic Medications?
B) Are Any Of These Medications Orphan Drugs?
C) Are These Medications Safe To Take During Pregnancy?
D) Do You Take Any Over-The-Counter Medications?
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE:
It Is Important For The Nurse To Specifically Question Use Of Over-The-
Counter Medications Because Patients May Not Consider Them Important.
The PatientIs Unlikely To Know The Meaning Of Orphan Drugs Unless
They Too Are Health Care Providers. Safety During Pregnancy, Use Of A
Generic Medication, Or Classification Of Orphan Drugs Are Things The
Patient Would Be Unable To Answer But Could Be Found In Reference
Books If The Nurse Wishes To ResearchThem.
,6. After Completing A Course On Pharmacology For Nurses, What
Will TheNurse Know?
A) Everything Necessary For Safe And Effective Medication Administration
B) Current Pharmacologic Therapy; The Nurse Will Not Require
OngoingEducation For 5 Years.
C) General Drug Information; The Nurse Can Consult A Drug Guide For
SpecificDrug Information.
D) The Drug Actions That Are Associated With Each
ClassificationOf Medication
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE:
After Completing A Pharmacology Course Nurses Will Have General Drug
Information Needed For Safe And Effective Medication Administration But
WillNeed To Consult A Drug Guide For Specific Drug Information Before
Administering Any Medication. Pharmacology Is Constantly Changing,
With New Drugs Entering The Market And New Uses For Existing Drugs
Identified.
Continuing Education In Pharmacology Is Essential To Safe Practice.
Nurses Tend To Become Familiar With The Medications They Administer
Most Often, ButThere Will Always Be A Need To Research New Drugs
And Also Those The Nurse IsNot Familiar With Because No Nurse Knows
All Medications.
7. A Nurse Is Instructing A Pregnant Patient Concerning The Potential Risk To
Her Fetus From A Pregnancy Category B Drug. What Would The Nurse
Inform The Patient?
A) Adequate Studies In Pregnant Women Have Demonstrated There Is No
RiskTo The Fetus.
B) Animal Studies Have Not Demonstrated A Risk To The Fetus,
But ThereHave Been No Adequate Studies In Pregnant Women.
C) Animal Studies Have Shown An Adverse Effect On The Fetus, But
There AreNo Adequate Studies In Pregnant Women.
D) There Is Evidence Of Human Fetal Risk, But The Potential Benefits
FromUse Of The Drug May Be Acceptable Despite Potential Risks.
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE:
, Category B Indicates That Animal Studies Have Not Demonstrated A Risk
To TheFetus. However, There Have Not Been Adequate Studies In
Pregnant Women ToDemonstrate Risk To A Fetus During The First
Trimester Of Pregnancy And No Evidence Of Risk In Later Trimesters.
Category A Indicates That Adequate Studies In Pregnant Women Have Not
Demonstrated A Risk To The Fetus In The First Trimester Or In Later
Trimesters. Category C Indicates That Animal StudiesHave Shown An
Adverse Effect On The Fetus, But No Adequate Studies In Humans.
Category D Reveals Evidence Of Human Fetal Risk, But The Potential
Benefits From The Use Of The Drugs In Pregnant Women May Outweigh
Potential Risks.
8. Discharge Planning For Patients Leaving The Hospital Should Include
Instructions On The Use Of Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs. Which
CommentBy The Patient Would Demonstrate A Good Understanding Of
OTC Drugs?
A) OTC Drugs Are Safe And Do Not Cause Adverse Effects If Taken Properly.
B) OTC Drugs Have Been Around For Years And Have Not Been
Tested ByThe Food And Drug Administration (FDA).
C) OTC Drugs Are Different From Any Drugs Available By
PrescriptionAnd Cost Less.
D) OTC Drugs Could Cause Serious Harm If Not Taken According To
Directions.
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE:
It Is Important To Follow Package Directions Because Otcs Are
Medications That Can Cause Serious Harm If Not Taken Properly. Otcs Are
Drugs That Have Been Determined To Be Safe When Taken As Directed;
However, All Drugs Can Produce Adverse Effects Even When Taken
Properly. They May Have OriginallyBeen Prescription Drugs That Were
Tested By The FDA Or They May Have Been Grandfathered In When The
FDA Laws Changed. OTC Education Should Always Be Included As A
Part Of The Hospital Discharge Instructions.
9. What Would Be The Best Source Of Drug Information For A Nurse?
A) Drug Facts And Comparisons
B) A Nurses Drug Guide
C) A Drug Package Insert
D) The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
ANSWER: B
