NUR 354 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
100%Correct!!
WBCs, RBCs, and platelets - ANSWERScomplete blood count (CBC) measures
concentration of
WBC differential - ANSWERSall blood parts + WBC parts (neutrophils, lymphocytes,
monocytes, basophils, eosinophils)
Anemia - ANSWERSthe decrease in the number of RBC's, quantity of hemoglobin,
and/or volume of packed cells- decrease in any of these leads to signs of hypoxia
blood loss, decreased production of RBCs, Increased destrution of RBCs -
ANSWERSWhat are three prevalent causes of anemia?
Blood loss - ANSWERS>>Chronic hemorrhage - Bleeding duodenal ulcer, Colon
cancer>>Acute trauma -cuts
decreased production of RBCs - ANSWERSdeficient nutrients (iron, vitamin B12, folic
acid), decreased erythropoietin (kidneys not functioning, epogen medication), Increased
destruction of RBCs (sickle cell anemia, medication, incompatible blood, trauma)
acute anemia clinical manifestations - ANSWERSgets really bad at 40-50% volume loss
mild - exertional dyspnea & palpations
Clincal manifestations of Chronic Anemia - ANSWERSmoderate - fatigue, bounding
pulse, roaring in ears; severe- pallor, systolic murmur, headache, anorexia, vertigo
iron deficiency anemia S&S - ANSWERSinitally symptom free, pallor, glossitis,
chelisitis, headache, paresthesias
iron deficiency anemia causes - ANSWERSmost common, decreased RBC production,
chronic blood loss, inadequate intake, malabsorption, hemolysis
pernicious anemia S&S - ANSWERSinsidious inset, anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain,
weakness, paresthesias, Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: altered mental status,
somnolence, depression
Red flags for Vitamin B12 deficiency: - ANSWERSaltered mental status, somnolence,
depression
, pernicious anemia causes - ANSWERSmegaloblastic anemia (large RBCs), lack of
gastric intrinsic factors resulting in decreased vitamin B12 absorption, familial tendency,
high risk populations: >40 y/o, Northern European (scandinavian) ancestry
aplastic anemia causes - ANSWERSbone marrow suppression, pancytopenia,
congenital birth defects; Acquired: idiopathic, chemicals, medications, infections
Aplastic anemia S&S - ANSWERSonset can be abrupt or gradual, mild to severe, pallor,
fatigue, dyspnea, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, epitaxis, ecchymosis
hemolytic anemia causes - ANSWERSsickle cell anemia, hemodialysis, prosthetic
valves, transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic, malaria, clostridium perfringens
hemolytic anemia S&S - ANSWERSjaundice, pallor, pale conjunctive, tachycardia,
hypotension, splenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia S&S - ANSWERSjaundice, pallor, pale conjunctivae, tachycardia,
hypotension, splenomegaly
Sickle cell anemia etiology - ANSWERSgenetic, autosomal recessive
sickle cell "sickling" is caused by - ANSWERSlow oxygen levels, increased blood
acidity, or low blood volume
common sickle cell crisis triggers include - ANSWERSsudden change in temperature
(narrowing blood vessels), strenuous activity or excessive exercise (oxygen shortage)
upper respiratory tract - ANSWERSnose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx,
trachea
Nose - ANSWERShas a septum, divides 2 cavities, responsible for warming &
moistening the air that goes to your lungs, filters smaller particles that are in the air,
connected with sinuses & ears
adenoids & tonsils - ANSWERSpart of the lymph system, helpful in getting rid of
infections that come in through the nose
epiglottis - ANSWERSkeeps fluid & food from going into lungs, blocks off trachea, if not
working=aspiration
apiration - ANSWERSthings getting into the lungs that should not be there
Larynx - ANSWERSvoice box, prof raymans fav part of the body
lower respiratory tract - ANSWERSbronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
