Exam (elaborations)
LAT Chapter 1 & 2 Questions and Answers
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Exam of 8 pages for the course LAT at LAT (LAT Chapter 1 & 2)
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LAT Chapter 1 & 2Research definition - answer A systematic investigation to establish facts that employs
reliable methods of collecting valid data to find answers to specific scientific questions
The research process - answer1. Define the question
2. Formulate an objective framework
3. Establish a hypothesis
4. Create a research design
5. Identify Variables
6. Collect and analyze data
7. Report data and conclusions
Grant application - answer prepared and submitted by the Principal Investigator;
provides a detailed description of the research goals, the scientific basis of the study, a
thorough review of relevant literature, any preliminary data and results, and all
procedures to be performed.
NIH (National Institute of Health) - answer A branch of the Public Health Service that is
the primary granting agency that supports biomedical research; most of their grants go
to research programs at colleges, universities, and some private corporations and
federal agencies
NSF (National Science Foundation) - answerSupports research in scientific areas that
are primarily nonbiomedical in nature but which may involve animals such as in basic
biology and behavior, mathematics, physics, chemistry, climatology, nanotechnology,
engineering and astronomy
Private funding sources - answerBiotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are
examples of private businesses that do research to create a product they can sell; like
prescription drugs, orthopedic devices and diagnostic equipment; scientists in private
companies do not apply for grants but do have to compete for funding
Funding administration - answerFor most institutions, there is usually an Office of
Research and Grants led by a dean or vice president of research.
Oversight of institutional research programs is done by... - answerAnimal Welfare Act
and Regulations, Public Health Service Policy, the Guide for the Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals (the Guide), the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals
in research and teaching, and relevant institutional policies.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee - answerHas oversight responsibilities for
the institution's research program and receives support from the administrative unit.
, Protocol approval by IACUC - answerIn planning a research study involving animals,
scientists must submit an animal use protocol to the IACUC for review which must be
approved in order for the PI to begin a study using animals
IACUC mandates - answerMandated by federal law and must adhere to guidelines,
federal regulations and policies, and institutional policies that govern the use of animals
in research; the IACUC's function are specified by both the PHS and USDA; The
institutional official (IO) appoints the members to the IACUC and is ultimately
responsible for the entire animal care and use program
AWA (enforced by USDA) IACUC requirements: - answerMust have at least 3
members: a chairperson, a veterinarian with training or experience in laboratory animal
science and medicine, and a member of the community (nonaffiliated)
PHS Policy IACUC requirements - answerMust have at least 5 members: chairperson,
veterinarian, practicing scientist w/ animal research experience, nonscientist,
community member; HOWEVER, the nonscientist and community member can be the
same person
IACUC and the community - answerServes as an information resource on animal
welfare and a liaison on animal research concerns to the institution and the community
IACUC tasks - answerreview the protocols of research projects to ensure compliance
with all relevant federal, state and local laws, regulations and institutional policies on
animal welfare
Protocol approval - answerMay be approved for 1-3 years depending upon species
used and institutional policies; protocols for USDA covered species may only be
approved for 1 year
IACUC review of animal care and use program - answerRequired to monitor programs
every 6 months through review of the program and routine inspections of the animal
facilities; most highly visible responsibility or an IACUC
Postapproval monitoring - answerEnsures that IACUC-approved procedures are being
followed; the formal process is not required by federal mandate but AWR and PHS
Policy do require the IACUC to continually review ongoing animal studies
When was the AWA made and who enforces it? - answerLaboratory Animal Welfare Act
of 1966 was amended in 1970 and changed to the AWA; the USDA implements and
enforces this law
Which animals are excluded from the AWA? - answerBirds, rats of the genus Rattus,
mice from the genus Mus, horses not being used for research purposes, farm animals
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