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SOCI 3P02 TEST TWO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!

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SOCI 3P02 TEST TWO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!

Ethnography:
- "Writing about people"
-In depth study of a group, culture, society that usually entails fieldwork.
-Complex lens that create an index of someone through their stories
-Establishing a framework that connects them with society (driving force that shapes
who they are)
-Attempts to understand everyday life from the perspective of the participant.
-Influenced by the Chicago school of sociologists
Ethnographic Fallacy (Mitchell Duneier)
Blinded by things you see at hand.
The need to place what you see in close range in a distant context. (Examine factors
that influence or contain a situation)
Two Key Principles of Ethnography:
1: Search for patterns from the careful observations of lived behaviour and from
interviews with people in a community. (Strive for intimate familiarity).
2: Ethnographers pay careful attention to the process of field research.
Ethnographic Method:
1: Field Based
2: Personalized
3: Multi-factorial
4: Requires long term commitment
5: Inductive
6: Dialogic
7: Holistic
Six Guiding Principles Governing Ethnography:
1: Talk is cheap
2: Context is Crucial
3: Show the people and their situations
4: Not to insulate oneself from the data
5: Achieving transparency
6: Avoiding Exploitation
Institutional Ethnography: (Dorthy Smith)
-Emphasizes the importance of social, particularly institutional factors in influencing
individuals daily experiences.
- A major component is recognition that texts/documents can produce and sustain
standardized practices and through them relations of ruling.
Avoiding Exploitation
-Beyond the code of ethics that require anonymity, confidentiality and informed consent.
- Requires researchers to necessitate and take into account their standpoint and power
in the research process/as producers of knowledge.

, - Researchers need to recognize the social and material inequalities that created the
conditions for research in the first place.
- Must be mindful of their authority to exercise the power of representation: data can be
misinterpreted or distorted.
Unobtrusive Research:
-Ways of amassing data without interacting with research participants.
- Research strategy for indirect data collection which allows the
(historical/contemporary) examination and analysis of:
Written records, images, the media, human physical traces (garbage), material/cultural
affects
Content Analysis
- Studying a set of cultural artifacts or events by systematical observing (ex: counting)
and then analyzing/interpreting the themes they reflect.
-Focuses on underlying meanings, patterns and processes of documents under
investigation.
(children books, billboards, novels, newspapers, advertisements, artwork)
Semiotic Analysis
The Study of Signs- a sign is something that stands for something else. Tried to unpack
the meanings of signs.
-Based on language.

Two Parts:
1: the sign itself (signifier)
2: the content which it is associated (signified)
Framing
The process of representation- that is the use of language, visual images and symbolic
tools to create messages people can understand (ex: advertising) is a selective process
called framing.
-Frames contribute to particular definitions of a situation, which can have consequences
for individuals and society.
Discourse Analysis
An interpretive approach to research, influenced by foucault, that sees language as a
social practice and therefore constitutive of social life.
Two main types of Discourse Analysis:
1: Relations between text (discourse) and social context (Social variables: race, class,
gender)
2: Relations between discourse and power (Foucault): Analyses various forms of
talking, thinking, representing certain topics and how they operate in relation to power.
Historical Research:
Historical Methods to Analyze:
1: Primary Sources (Artifacts, photos, documents created during the time period under
study)
2: Secondary Sources (document/recording that contains
generalization/analysis/interpretation of historical information presented elsewhere)
3: Tertiary Sources: (primary/secondary information that has been distilled and
presented in some sort of collection: dictionaries, encyclopedias)

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SOCI 3P02 TEST TWO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!

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