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ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS CH 31 NUR187 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
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ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS CH 31 NUR187 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE beta-adrenergic blocking agents: drugs that, at therapeutic levels, block the beta-receptors of the (?) nervous system sympathetic (?): drugs that, at therapeutic levels, specifically block the beta1-receptors...

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  • November 20, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • adrenergic antagonists ch 31 nur187 exam questions

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ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS CH 31 NUR187 EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

beta-adrenergic blocking agents: drugs that, at therapeutic levels, block the beta-

receptors of the (?) nervous system

sympathetic

(?): drugs that, at therapeutic levels, specifically block the beta1-receptors in the

sympathetic nervous system while not blocking the beta2-receptors with

resultant effects on the respiratory system

beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents

(?): relaxation of the smooth muscles in the bronchi, resulting in a widening of

the bronchi; an effect of sympathetic stimulation

bronchodilation

(?): tumor of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla that periodically releases

large amounts of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the system with resultant

severe hypertension and tachycardia

pheochromocytoma

carvedilol and labetalol are what class of drug?

NONSELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

tamsulosin is what class of medication

ALPHA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

propranolol is what class of medication

NONSELECTIVE BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

,atenolol

BETA 1-SELECTIVE ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

Adrenergic antagonists or adrenergic blocking agents are also called (?)

drugs because they lyse, or block, the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

(SNS).

sympatholytic drugs

How do adrenergic antagonists work?

their ability to react with specific adrenergic receptor sites without activating them, thus

preventing the typical manifestations of SNS activation.

In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on

the (?). Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels

concentration of drug in the body.

What are some of the variables that can affect adrenergic blocking agents?

The effects of the adrenergic blocking agents vary with the age of the

patient. Various alternative and herbal remedies can also affect these drugs.

Drugs that block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors are primarily used to

treat cardiac-related conditions. These drugs include (?).

amiodarone (Nexterone, Pacerone),

carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR), and

labetalol (Trandate)

Adrenergic blocking agents competitively block the effects of norepinephrine at

alpha- and beta-receptors throughout the SNS. This results in (?).

,lower blood pressure, slower pulse rate, and increased renal perfusion with decreased

renin levels.

(?) is used intravenously (IV) and orally to treat hypertension. It has been used to

treat hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma (tumor of the chromaffin

cells of the adrenal medulla that periodically releases large amounts of

norepinephrine and epinephrine into the system with resultant severe

hypertension and tachycardia) and clonidine withdrawal.

Labetalol

(?) which is available in oral and IV forms, is indicated to treat life threatening

ventricular arrhythmias and is used as an antiarrhythmic. It is generally thought

of as a class III antiarrhythmic. However, it blocks sodium channels (like class I),

is an antisympathetic (like class II), and has negative chronotropic effects (like

class IV).

Amiodarone

(?) is only available orally and is used to treat hypertension as well as heart

failure (HF) and left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI).

Carvedilol

The adverse effects associated with the use of nonselective adrenergic blocking

agents are usually associated with the drug’s effects on the SNS.

nervous system (CNS).

gastrointestinal (GI)

(CV) system.

, These effects can include dizziness, paresthesia, insomnia, depression, fatigue, and

vertigo, which are related to the blocking of norepinephrine’s effect in the central

nervous system (CNS).

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and flatulence are associated with the loss of the

balancing sympathetic effect on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and increased

parasympathetic dominance.

Cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, HF, pulmonary edema, and cerebrovascular

accident, or stroke, are related to the lack of stimulatory effects and loss of vascular

tone in the cardiovascular (CV) system.

The adverse effects associated with the use of nonselective adrenergic blocking

agents are usually associated with the drug’s effects on the SNS.

Respiratory : (?)

Other effects reported include decreased exercise tolerance, hypoglycemia, and

rash related to the sympathetic blocking effects.

Bronchospasm, cough, rhinitis, and bronchial obstruction are related to loss of

bronchodilation—the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the bronchi, resulting in a

widening of the bronchi—of the respiratory tract and vasodilation of mucous membrane

vessels.

Abruptly stopping nonselective adrenergic blocking agents after long-term

therapy can result in (?) related to an increased hypersensitivity to

catecholamines that develops when the receptor sites have been blocked.

Carvedilol and labetalol have been associated with hepatic failure related to its

effects on the liver.

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