What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - ANSWER Renin secretion, Erythropoietin
secretion, Vitamin D activation
What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA? - ANSWER • Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
Signs & Symptoms of fluid imbalance - ANSWER Hypertension
• Edema
• Shortness of Breath
A common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients is - ANSWER • fluid overload
What does hypertension lead to? - ANSWER • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy leads to: - ANSWER • ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia,
myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? The life span of their red blood cell is 60 days or
approximately ½ of normal 120 days. - ANSWER Primary cause: Lack of the hormone
erythropoietin (EPO)
Secondary causes: Inadequate iron stores, inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
during treatment
What are the four key elements contributing to CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (MBD)? -
ANSWER • Calcium, Phosphorus, PTH, Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
- All lead to CKD-MBD when they are abnormal
, Pre-renal causes of AKI - ANSWER Obstruction, Volume Depletion, Impaired Cardiac
Function
Intra-renal causes of AKI - ANSWER Ischemic ATN, Sepsis, SIRS, Septic Shock,
Anaphylaxis Drugs, Goodpasture Syndrome, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Trauma, Open
Heart Surgery
Post-renal causes of AKI - ANSWER Obstruction, Oliguric, Bladder rupture, Pregnancy
Explain the difference between AKI and CKD - ANSWER • Eliminating the cause of the
AKI can often lead to the return of kidney function
• You cannot eliminate the cause of CKD which is HTN, Diabetes, genetic disorders
(PKD)
What are V-tags and why are they important? - ANSWER • They state specific
regulations to be met within a condition such as infection control, providing interpretive
guidance for each regulation and citing deficiencies by tag #
The manual conductivity value must match +/- 0.4 mS on the Fresenius (FMC) 2008K
and K2 dialysis delivery system displayed conductivity. Checking independent
conductivity is NOT required when using the Fresenius 2008T or T BlueStar models or
B Braun hemodialysis machines.
T or F - ANSWER T
What is "strikethrough" of an external pressure transducer and why is it of concern? -
ANSWER • It is when fluid could have entered the machine and contaminated the
internal pressure transducer protector providing a reservoir for microorganisms and
causing subsequent patient blood infections
List six occurrences when to document. - ANSWER Baseline assessment
Change from baseline assessment
Change in patient's condition
Procedure or treatment
Medication given and patient response
Patient teaching
What does SMART communication stand for? - ANSWER S: Simple: keep message
clear and simple
M: Meaningful: think about what and why you are sending the message
A: Actual: just report the facts
R: Read: make sure you are sending the message you intend
T: Teach: others about SMART communication
Data Collection-PCT - ANSWER Noting presence of edema
Heart rate and rhythm
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