Exam (elaborations)
NUR 3111 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 3111 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Homeostasis - ANSWER The tendency of an organism/a cell toregulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls,
to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing
conditions
The ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of
equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with
external change
The Nurse Must - ANSWER *Anticipate
*Recognize
*Intervene
The Nurse Must: Anticipate and answer the potential for alterations in
fluid and electrolyte balance associated with certain disorders and
medical treatments
The Nurse Must:
Recognize - ANSWER the signs and symptoms of imbalance
The Nurse Must:
Intervene - ANSWER with appropriate action
Water Content - ANSWER Primary component of the body
Approximately 60% of the body weight of an adult
*Men 55-65%
*Women 45-55%
Varies with gender, body mass and age
*Infants 70-80%
*Older adult 45-55%
,*Infants and older adults are at greater risk of fluid imbalances.
**Fat cells hold little water so men have more water content and obese
patients have less water content
Men have more lean muscle mass than women and women have more
fat cells and less water.
The older adult loses muscle mass decreasing body fluid.
Body Compartments: Two major compartments - ANSWER 1.
Intracellular
2. Extracellular
Intracellular - ANSWER Fluid within the cells
Extracellular - ANSWER Fluid outside the cells
1. Interstitial
2. Intravascular
3. Transcellular
Interstitial: - ANSWER surrounding the cells
Intravascular: - ANSWER within the blood vessels
Transcellular: - ANSWER very small amount of fluid found in
specialized cavities (cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, GI tract, etc.)
The fluid that is outside the cell is located in one of three places, -
ANSWER either the..
1. plasma
2. interstitial space
3. transcellular spaces.
We really need it in the plasma or intravascular space!
Intracellular Fluid (ICF): - ANSWER within the cells
About 28 liters
Extracellular Fluid (ECF): - ANSWER outside the cells
,Intravascular (plasma - the liquid part of blood)
About 3 liters
Interstitial (around individual cells)
About 10 liters
Transcellular (very small amount)
includes cerebrospinal fluid, GI tract, pleural, etc.
What Does the Water in Our Bodies Do? - ANSWER Provides
lubrication of musculoskeletal joints
- acts as a cushion or shock absorber
Transport mechanism throughout the body
- for nutrients, hormones, proteins
Medium for cellular metabolism
- aids in the breakdown of food
Regulation of body temperature
- HOW? - perspiration → evaporation
Acts as a component in all body cavities
- pericardial, pleural, spinal, peritoneal
Intake = - ANSWER Output
*Should balance
Fluid intake - ANSWER **2-3L/day in an adult
1. Water
2. Fluid in foods
3. End product of carbohydrate breakdown
Fluid losses - ANSWER 1 .Sensible - visible/measurable
2. Insensible water loss - invisible
*Respiration, evaporation
, I & O: What Will We Measure? - ANSWER Intake (anything you put
into the body)
*IV fluids
*Tube feedings
*Other?
Output (anything that
exits the body)
*Urine output
*Other?
Sodium - Potassium Pump: - ANSWER responsible for maintaining
intracellular and extracellular sodium and potassium levels. These levels
are essential in the action potential of cells.
The Action Potential - ANSWER * Sodium-Potassium Pump
Action potential is responsible for
*Cardiac muscle contraction
*Skeletal muscle contraction
*Nerve impulse transmission
Fluid and Electrolyte Movement - ANSWER Movement occurs to adjust
concentrations of solutes and maintain homeostasis and health
This can be done by moving the solutes
*Diffusion
*Facilitated diffusion
*Active transport
Or by moving the water
*Osmosis
Diffusion - ANSWER This is the movement of solutes
*Molecules move from high concentration to low
*Passive (requires no energy)
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