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Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available.
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Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions Available. Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239...

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  • November 20, 2024
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  • nurs 611 exam 3 all 239 solutions available

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Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions
Available.
Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions
Available.
SL is a 31 week gestational age infant. She was born two weeks ago. Her birthweight is
1.5 kilograms. What is SL's post-natal and post-menstrual age?

a) 31 weeks post-natal age; 33 weeks post-menstrual age
b) 29 weeks post-natal age; 31 weeks post-menstrual age
c) 2 weeks post-natal age; 29 weeks post-menstrual age
d) 2 weeks post-natal age; 33 weeks post-menstrual age
e) 31 weeks post-natal age; 2 weeks post-menstrual age - ANSWER-d)

A neonate is defined as having what post-natal age?

a) < 121 days of age
b) < 1 year of age
c) < 2 years of age
d) ≤ 4 weeks of age - ANSWER-d)

Which of the following could potentially alter the rate or extent of absorption in infants
and neonates relative to adults?

a) Differences in intragastric pH
b) Maturation in drug transporters that impact central nervous system penetration
c) Maturation in plasma proteins that bind to drugs
d) Maturation in renal clearance - ANSWER-a)

Gastric emptying rate reaches adult capacity by what age?

a) 1 year of age
b) 6-8 months of age
c) 1 month of age
d) 2 years of age - ANSWER-b)

Which of the following factors can alter drug distribution in infants?

a) Differences in bacterial colonization of the intestines
b) Changes in total body water and total body fat with age
c) Drug-drug interactions that lead to drug metabolism inhibition
d) Less skin hydration - ANSWER-b)

The binding of drugs to plasma proteins depends on which of the following factors?

,Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions
Available.
a) Gastric pH
b) Binding affinity for the protein
c) Timing of drug administration
d) Maturation in the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes - ANSWER-b)

The pharmacological action of a drug is attributed to which of the following?

a) Plasma protein bound drug concentrations
b) Unbound drug concentrations - ANSWER-b)

Which of the following is true regarding renal function in infants?

a) Tubular secretion and reabsorption processes are immature at birth
b) Near adult values in glomerular filtration rate are reached by 2 weeks after birth
c) Dosing recommendations for renally eliminated drugs typically do not depend on
post-natal age
d) Renal blood flow reaches adult values by 1 month of age - ANSWER-a)

Which equation is used commonly to estimate creatinine clearance in the pediatric
population? - ANSWER-Schwartz formula

Penicillins undergo glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Which of the following
may be true about the half-life of elimination for penicillins in infants?

a) Shorter half-life of elimination due to increased glomerular filtration and tubular
secretion
b) Increased half-life of elimination due to reduced glomerular filtration and tubular
secretion
c) No change in half-life of elimination - ANSWER-b)

What is gestational age? - ANSWER-# of weeks from first day of LMP

What is postnatal age? - ANSWER-age since birth

What is postconceptional age? - ANSWER-gestational age plus postnatal age

What is corrected age? - ANSWER-postnatal age minus how many weeks the offspring
is preterm by

LBW - ANSWER-low birth weight; <2.5 kg

VLBW - ANSWER-very low birth weight; <1.5 kg

ELBW - ANSWER-extremely low birth weight; <1 kg

, Nurs 611 Exam 3 all 239 solutions
Available.
moderately to late preterm - ANSWER-32 to <37 weeks

very preterm - ANSWER-28 to <32 weeks

extremely preterm - ANSWER-<28 weeks

infant - ANSWER-1 month to 1 year old

What are some challenges in pediatric drug development? (7) - ANSWER-limited
patient population, no healthy volunteers, trial patients usually sick (variability), low
parental consent, perceived study risks, limited blood volume for sampling, failed trials
can't be repeated

Absorption differences in peds (4) - ANSWER-higher gastric pH (increased F of weak
bases, decreased F of weak acids); lower bile salts, different transporter expression,
slower rate of absorption

Absorption from the topical route is (increased/decreased) in peds compared to adults -
ANSWER-increased

How does Vd of lipid and water soluble drugs change with age in peds? - ANSWER-Vd
of lipid-soluble drugs increases per kg, Vd of water-soluble drugs decreases per kg

Percent protein binding of a drug is generally (higher/lower) in neonates vs adults -
ANSWER-lower

What are the different classes of enzymes in peds and when are they expressed? -
ANSWER-class 1: only expressed in the fetus and during the first couple days of life
class 2: relatively constant expression
class 3: low/negligible expression in the fetus but increased expression after birth

CYP3A7 is a class _ enzyme, whereas CYP3A4 is a class _ enzyme - ANSWER-1, 3

Sildenafil PK changes with age as a result of what? - ANSWER-changing CYP3A4
expression

Clearance of pantoprazole remains fairly constant over age since CYP2C19 is a class _
enzyme - ANSWER-2

CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 expression increase (faster/slower) than CYP1A2 and CYP3A4
during childhood - ANSWER-faster

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