Exam (elaborations)
Midwifery 2 Exam Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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Midwifery 2 Exam Questions and Answers
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Midwifery 2 Exam Questions andAnswers
Labour (Definition) - Answers -Labor is a physiologic process during which the fetus,
membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta are expelled from the uterus.
Contractions (Definition) - Answers -The periodic tightening and relaxing of the uterine
muscle, stimulated by the release of oxytocin to stimulate uterine tightening. Measured
at a rate over 10 and 20 minute periods.
Bishops Score (Definition) - Answers -Rating system to assess suitability of cervix for
induction of labour. Consisting of assessing the following components in vaginal
examination:
- Cervical Dilation
- Cervical Effacement
- Cervical Consistency
- Cervical Position
- Fetal Station
(A score of >9 means labour will commence spontaneously, a score of <5 means labour
will unlikely start without induction)
Fundal Dominance (Definition) - Answers -Each uterine contraction commences in the
fundus and spreads across and downwards. The contraction lasts longest and is most
intense in the fundus, but the intensity is reached simultaneously over the uterus. This
pattern allows the cervix to dilate and the strongly contracting fundus to expel the fetus
at the end of labour.
Engagement (Definition) - Answers -The entrance of the largest diameter of the fetal
head into the smallest diameter of the maternal pelvis
Uterine Retraction (Definition) - Answers -It is the permanent shortening of the uterine
muscle fibers for help in controlling postpartum haemorrhage. In this process the blood
vessels are blocked and closed to it's uterine end
Effacement (Definition) - Answers -Refers to the inclusion (taking up) of the cervical
canal into the lower uterine segment. (Essentially the cervix prepares itself for delivery
by softening, shortening and becoming thinner)
Dilatation (Definition) - Answers -Refers to the opening of the cervix, dilatation is
expressed in cm from 0-10, zero meaning the cervix is closed and 10 meaning fully
, dilated. The cervix must be completely dilated before pushing. (Permitting passage of
the fetus)
Braxton Hicks (Definition) - Answers -Contractions occuring prelabour, random,
infrequent and usually not too painful
Lightening (Definition) - Answers -At the end of the third trimester, the baby settles, or
drops lower, into the mother's pelvis.
Physiological Retraction Ring (Definition) - Answers -Contracting portion of the uterus in
labour and the lower, dilating part.
Bandl's Ring (Definition) - Answers -An exaggerated retraction ring seen as an oblique
ridge above the symphisis pubis between the upper and lower uterine segments, which
is a sign of obstructed labour. (look into)
Augmentation (Definition) - Answers -Intervention to correct slow progress in labour. It is
the process of providing enough synthetic oxytocin through IV to bring on contractions
in a timely way to help the baby descend, without contractions becoming to frequent or
abnormally strong
ARM (Definition) - Answers -Artificial Rupture of Membranes
Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes - Answers -
Placental Abnormalities - Answers -- Placenta Weight
- Placenta Shape
- Placenta Accreta
- Placenta Previa
Placenta Weight - Answers -Risk factors for low placenta weight are chronic
hypertension and pre-eclampsia. High placental weight can be gestational diabetes and
smoking. Abnormal placental weight can impede on it's ability to nourish the fetus.
Placenta Accreta - Answers -When the placenta attaches itself too deeply into the
uterine wall, thus when it leaves the body after childbirth can cause severe blood loss.
Placenta Previa - Answers -Is where the placenta is placed is in front of the baby during
delivery and can result in vaginal bleeding. Usually indicated by bright red vaginal
bleeding at around 32 weeks complication.
Endorphins - Answers -Endorphins are neurotransmitters that pass along signals from
one neuron to the next. Produced as a response to certain stimuli (in either the pituitary
gland, spinal cord, brain etc) which interact with the part of the brain responsible for pain
and emotion/
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