Exam (elaborations)
Bio 171 Exam 1|108 Questions with Solutions
- Course
- Institution
Bio 171 Exam 1|108 Questions with Solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
Bio 171 Exam 1|108Questions with Solutions
archaea - -like bacteria. Are able to live in extreme environment
- bacteria - -microorganisms that are the basis of fermentation & infectious
diseases. Typically one-celled, have no chlorophyll, multiply by simple
division, & can be seen only with a microscope. They occur in 3 main forms:
spherical, rod-shaped, & spiral
- eukaryote - -an organism that uses aerobic cellular respiration to break
down compounds including oxygen into cellular energy. A human or animal
cell
- most recent common ancestor - -of any set of organisms is the most
recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended.
- prokaryote - -an organism lacking a true nucleus: in some systems of
biological classification, any of a superkingdom of organisms, including the
viruses & monerans
- phylogenetic tree - -a graph illustrating evolutionary relationships among
various entities that are known to share a common ancestor
- nucleic acid - -any group of complex compounds found in all living cells &
viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, & phosphoric
acid. Nucleic acids in the form of DNA & RNA control cellular function &
heredity
- DNA - -a nucleic acid that contains the genetic code
- RNA - -a long, single-stranded chain of cells that processes protein
- transcription - -the synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template
through the formation of base pairs, resulting in a transfer of genetic
information that codes for amino acid sequences composing proteins
- translation - -the process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid
sequence of the growing polypeptide during protein synthesis
- tRNA - -transfer RNA
- mRNA - -messenger RNA
, - rRNA - -ribosomal RNA
- gene - -the definition of a gene is a unit on a chromosome that determines
a specific trait in an organism
- amino acid - -any of a large group of organic acids containing a carboxyl
group, COOH, & an amino acid group, NH
- protein - -the definition of a protein is a substance that has amino acids,
compounds & carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & sometimes sulfur is
found in many foods
- cell membrane - -a layer of tissue that surrounds a cell
- ribosome - -a tiny particle made up a nucleic acids & proteins that exist in
large numbers in the gel-like substance in between every cell in the body
- genetic code - -the set of DNA & RNA sequences used in the synthesis of
an organism's proteins. It is the biochemical basis of heredity & nearly
universal in all organisms
- phospholipid - -a group of lipids that contain a phosphate ester as part of
the structure & yield on hydrolysis phosphoric acid, an alcohol, fatty acid & a
nitrogenous base: found in all living cells
- carbohydrate - -the definition of a carbohydrate is an organic compound
that occurs in living tissues or food & that can be broken down into energy
by people or animals
- characteristics of living organisms - --complexity, with precise spatial
organization on several scales
-the ability to change in response to the environment
-the ability to reproduce
-the capacity to evolve
- 1st law of thermodynamics - -energy can not be created or destroyed
- 2nd law of thermodynamics - -states that the degree of disorder in the
universe tends to increase
- entropy - -amount of disorder in a system
- variable - -is changed by the experimenter from one treatment to the next
- cell - -the simplest entity
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Nursephil2023. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
69252 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now