Exam (elaborations)
Respiration Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 11 pages for the course Aerobic Respiration at Aerobic Respiration (Respiration)
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RespirationGlycolysis - answer An anerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm. It is the first
stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Steps in glyolysis (ASOP) - answer Addition of phosphate to glucose using ATP
Splitting of phosphorylated glucose to produce TP
Oxidation of triosephosphate to pyruvate
Production of NAD and a net gain of ATP
In an investigation, scientists transferred slices of apple from air to anaerobic conditions
in pure nitrogen gas. They measured the rate of carbon dioxide production. The
scientists kept the temperature constant throughout the investigation. Explain how a
decrease in temperature would affect the rate of carbon dioxide production - answer
Respiratory reactions are controlled by enzymes so decreasing the temperature would
decrease the rate as there's less kinetic energy so fewer collisions between substrate
and active site and therefore fewer E-S complexes formed.
In an investigation, scientists transferred slices of apple from air to anaerobic conditions
in pure nitrogen gas.Explain the part played by reduced NAD when the apple slices
were transferred to nitrogen. - answerHydorgen is required to reduce pyruvic acid into
ethanol. This hydrogen comes from reduced NAD.
In an investigation, scientists transferred slices of apple from air to anaerobic conditions
in pure nitrogen gas
The rate of carbon dioxide production was higher when the apple slices were in nitrogen
than when they were in the air. Explain why. - answerThere was no oxygen when apple
was in nitrogen so it was respiring anaerobically and anaerobic respiration is less
efficient as it produces less ATP. This means that more anaerobic respiration must take
place to produce same the amount of ATP so more carbon dioxide produced.
The biochemical pathway of aerobic respiration involves a number of different steps.
Name 2 stages in which carbon dioxide is produced. - answerThe Krebs cycle and the
link reaction
Cyanide prevents oxygen acting as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport
chain. Explain how cyanide stops ATP production by mitochondria. - answerStops
transfer of electrons down the ETchain stops. No release of energy, to phosphorylate
ADP. No oxidised coenzymes. No Substrate-linked phosphorylation.
Why is glucose phosphorylated in glycolysis? - answerTo make it more reactive
, In animals, what happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen? - answerIn anaerobic
conditions pyruvate is converted into lactate using redcuced NAD
In yeast, what happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen? - answerIn anaerobic
conditions pyruvate is reduced to form ethanal and then ethanol using reduced NAD
Why is oxidised NAD important in anaerobic respiration? - answerThe oxidised NAD
produced can be used in further glycolysis.
Name the substance used to provide anaerobic conditions when the yeast in the
experiment needs to respire anaerobically. - answerLiquid paraffin
What apparatus can be used to measure the rate of oxygen consumption. - answerA
respirometer
In a respirometer, what is the syringe used for? - answerThe syringe is used to reset the
manometer so that the ends of the fluid are at the same level on either side off the 'U'
Many athletes eat food high in carbohydrate for three to four days before a race.This is
known as 'glycogen loading' and improves performance. Suggest and explain one
advantage of 'glycogen loading' - answerMore glycogen stored in the liver and muscles
cells. Releases glucose for respiration.
During vigorous exercise muscles respire anaerobically. This leads to muscle
fatigue.Explain how. - answerBuild up of lactic acid leads to a
decrease in pH. This affects enzyme activity and therefore muscle contraction.
In a mammal, heat energy released during respiration may be used to maintain a
constant body temperature. Explain the advantage of a constant body temperature to
the mammal. - answerMammal is able to remain active when the environmental
temperature is low. Optimum temperature for enzymes (metabolic processes).
Respirometers can be used to indicate the rate of aerobic respiration by measuring the
amount of oxygen consumed by an organsism over a period of time.A respirometer can
be used to measure the respiration rate of woodlice. The apparatus is set up and for 10
minutes the tap is left open and the syringe is removed Explain why - answerThis allows
the apparatus to equilibrate to its new environment accounting for any expansion that
might cause oressure changes inside. To allow the respiration rate of the woodlice to
stabilise in their new environment.
Yeast can respire aerobically and anaerobically. Name the gas that is produced during
aerobic and anaerobic respiration - answerCarbon dioxide
Lactate is produced by muscles during vigorous exercise. Describe what happens to
this lactate. - answerPasses into the blood. Some is transported to the liver and some
stays in muscle. Some is converted to glucose / glycogen / pyruvate.Some is respired;
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