Exam (elaborations)
BIO 171 EXAM 2|190 Questions with Answers
- Course
- Institution
BIO 171 EXAM 2|190 Questions with Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
BIO 171 EXAM 2|190 Questions withAnswers
photosynthesis - -process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
- autotrophs - -producers of the biosphere
- photoautotrophs - -autotrophs that use energy from sunlight to make
organic molecules via photosynthesis
- heterotrophs - -organisms that obtain organic material from consuming all
or parts of other organisms
- cell division - -reproduction of cells: allows for continuity of life; controlled
process resulting in genetically identical daughter cells
- cell cycle - -life of a cell from formation to to its own division
- cells duplicate their genetic material - -before they divide, ensuring that
each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic code
- genome - -all the DNA in a cell
- chromosomes - -what DNA molecules are packaged into, formed by
several levels of coiling around proteins
- chromatin - -combined DNA and protein complex
- sister chromatids - -connected copies of the chromosome
- centromere - -narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome, where the
two chromatids are most closely attached
- somatic cells - -typical cells of the body, contain the full genome, the full
set of chromosomes
- gametes - -reproductive cells including sperm and eggs, contain half the
chromosomes in somatic cells
- meiosis - -process that produces gametes (sperm and egg); yields
nonidentical daughter cells
- Interphase - -cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for
cell division
, - Mitotic (M) phase - -mitosis and cytokinesis
- sub phases of Interphase - -G1 phase ("first gap"), S phase ("synthesis"),
G2 phase ("second gap")
- S phase - -only phase where the chromosomes are duplicated
- Mitosis - -division of duplicated chromosomes: prophase, prometaphase,
metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- G2 of interphase - -chromosomes have been duplicated but aren't
condensed; two *centrosomes* have formed that will organize the mitotic
spindle
- mitotic spindle - -a structure made of microtubules that controls
chromosome movement during mitosis
- aster - -a radial array of short microtubules - extends from each
centrosome in the spindle.
- Prophase - -Chromatin is condensed into discrete duplicated chromosomes
that appear as pairs of identical sister chromatids joined at their centromeres
- Prometaphase - -Nuclear envelope fragments. Each of the two sister
chromatids of each duplicated chromosome has a kinetochore protein to
which the microtubules of the spindle attach
- Metaphase - -The chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a
plane equal distance from the two centrosomes
- Anaphase - -Sister chromatids of each pair separate and move towards
opposite centrosomes. The cell elongates as the microtubules not attached
to kinetochores lengthen
- Telophase - -Two daughter nuclei form in the cell. The chromosomes
become less condensed. Spindle microtubules are depolymerized
- cleavage - -process in which cytokinesis occurs in animal cells, forming a
*cleavage furrow*
- cell plate - -formed during cytokinesis in plate cells
- binary fission - -type of cell division in which prokaryotes (bacteria and
archaea) reproduce
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Nursephil2023. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62491 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now