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Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1/ NUR 611 Exam 2 & Nurs 611 Final Exam/ 3 in 1 Combined/ Q&A.

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Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1/ NUR 611 Exam 2 & Nurs 611 Final Exam/ 3 in 1 Combined/ Q&A. Apoptosis - Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations Necrosis - Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membran...

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  • 21 november 2024
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1/ NUR 611
Exam 2 & Nurs 611 Final Exam/ 3 in 1
Combined/ Q&A.
Apoptosis - Answer: A programmed cell death that is regulated or programmed.
Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell populations


Necrosis - Answer: Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure, organelle
swelling, mitochondria dysfunction


What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the kidney
and heart) - Answer: hypoxia


What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - Answer: ischemia


Page 1 of 64

,Main component of a cell - Answer: nucleus


What does the nucleus contain? - Answer: nucleolus


What is the nucleolus composed of? - Answer: RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA
binding proteins, and histones


Why are histone important? - Answer: histones bind to DNA and fold it into
chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division


What are ribosomes? - Answer: RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)


Where can ribosomes be found? - Answer: cytoplasm and rough ER


what are ribosomes chief function? - Answer: provides sits for cellular protein
synthesis


What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - Answer: a network of flatten, smooth
membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell


What does the Golgi apparatus do? - Answer: takes proteins from the ER and
processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles called "secretory
vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell

Page 2 of 64

,What are lysosomes and what do they do? - Answer: maintain cellular health by
removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination
of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption


How does aging affect lysosomes? - Answer: leads to progressive loss of lysosomal
efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of organs and tissue


What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - Answer: nutrient
abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate them into
instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either proliferation or
inactivity


What is mitochondria responsible for? - Answer: cellular respiration, cellular
metabolism , and energy production


What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - Answer: enzymes of
the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation
that generates most of the cell's ATP


The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what two
things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - Answer: 1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids



Page 3 of 64

, What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? - Answer: carbs, proteins, and lipids


What is physiologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus
glad during childhood


What is pathologic atrophy? - Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload,
use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased hormonal
stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged time


what is hypertrophy? - Answer: increase in cell size


Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? - Answer: hypertrophy of
myocardial cells from endurance training


example of pathologic hypertrophy - Answer: cardiomegaly in a hypertensive
patient


What is hyperplasia? - Answer: increase in the number of cells


example of compensatory hyperplasia? - Answer: regeneration of the liver


example of pathological hyperplasia - Answer: endometrial tissue



Page 4 of 64

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