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HESI - Health Education Systems Inc & Admission
Assessment - HESI A2 Specialty Exams 2024-2025
NUR 209 HESI Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
with Correct Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded
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Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply
appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia. - =Answer>> B. pathologic atrophy.
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to
decreased use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early
in development; for example, the thymus gland
atrophies during childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase
in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of
cells.
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of
one mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia. - =Answer>> A. metaplasia.
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being
replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the
number of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia,
also referred to as atypical hyperplasia, refers to
abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization
of cells.
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The ability to increase intracellular calcium
concentrations and affect the nervous and
hematopoietic systems is a characteristic of:
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury. - =Answer>> C. lead.
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium
concentrations and may also become a calcium
substitute. It affects the hematopoietic system. It is
often found in paint, dirt, and pottery. Carbon
tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is
converted into a highly toxic free radical that damages
the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that
interrupts respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and
can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer disease and
multiple sclerosis.
A patient with a collection of blood that is located
between the skull and the dura is diagnosed with a
condition referred to as a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
B. contusion.
C. subdural hematoma.
D. abrasion. - =Answer>> A. epidural hematoma.
An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between
the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A subdural
hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface
of the dura and the brain. A contusion is a bruise or
bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is
a scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of
the skin.
A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular
edge is described as a(n):
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A. abrasion.
B. incision.
C. laceration.
D. avulsion. - =Answer>> C. laceration.
Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin
is exceeded. An incision is a precise cut with an
instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a
laceration, edges are often jagged and irregular. An
abrasion results from the removal of the superficial
layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin
and the injuring object. An avulsion is an injury in which
an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap.
A characteristic of a stab wound includes:
A. the injury is deeper than it is long.
B. the injury is longer than it is deep.
C. there is a broken bone.
D. there is significant crush injury. - =Answer>> A. the
injury is deeper than it is long.
The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush
injury because the object used is sharp and it makes a
clean entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is
considered an incised wound. A broken bone is a
fracture.
The appropriate term for fragments of burning or
unburned pieces of gunpowder that are embedded in
the epidermis is:
A. exit wound.
B. stippling.
C. blowback.
D. tattooing. - =Answer>> D. tattooing.
Tattooing results from fragments of burning or
unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the barrel and
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