Exam (elaborations)
NUR 280 FINAL EXAM (questions well answered) already passed
- Course
- NUR 280
- Institution
- Rasmussen College
NUR 280 FINAL EXAM (questions well answered) already passed
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NUR 280 FINAL EXAM (questions wellanswered) already passed
IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION - correct answer ✔✔
First line of defense (innate immunity) - correct answer ✔✔Physical barriers:
-skin
-linings of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts
-sloughy off of cells
-coughing and sneezing
-vomiting
-mucus and cilia
Epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers
-synthesized and secreted salivia, tears, sweats, and mucus
second line of defense - correct answer ✔✔Inflammatory response— first immune response to injury
-caused by a variety of materials
*infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, radiation
Third line of defense - correct answer ✔✔adaptive immunity
adaptive immunity - correct answer ✔✔the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and
mount an attack on them
E.i. A person who has recovered from measles is protected for life against measles
Primary intention healing - correct answer ✔✔Occurs where the tissue surfaces have been
approximated, and there is minimal or no tissue loss—stitches after incision
,Secondary intention healing - correct answer ✔✔Wounds that require a great deal more tissue
replacement —open wounds
innate immunity (natural immunity) - correct answer ✔✔Immunity that is present before exposure and
effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
-e.i skin
Hypersensitivity - correct answer ✔✔Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
or damage to the most
-characterized by the immune mechanism
Four types
1. Type I- most common hypersensitivity: IgE mediated
2. Type II: tissue-specific reactions
3. Type III: immune complex mediated
4. Type IV: cell mediated
Type I - correct answer ✔✔IgE mediated - allergy
Against environmental antigens (allergens)
Ex peanuts, pollen, med-penicillin
Histamine release
-H1 and H2 receptors
-antihistamines
Manifestations:
-itching, urticaria, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, hypotension, bronchospasm, dysrhthmias, GI cramps and
malabsorption
Type II - correct answer ✔✔IgG and IgM mediated— tissue specific
-specific cell or tissue (tissue specific antigens) is the target of an immune response
Ex hypothyroidism/Graves' disease
, Type III - correct answer ✔✔Immune complex mediated
-antigen-antibody complexes are formed in the circulation and are later deposited in vessel walls or extra
vascular tissues
-not organ specific
-induce a massive inflammatory response
Example: serum sickness—typically affects blood vessels, joints and kidneys
Type IV - correct answer ✔✔cell mediated and delayed
-cytotoxic T lymphocytes or producing Th1 cells
-direct killing by Tc or recruitment of phagocytic cells by Th1 cells
Examples:
-allergic contact
- dermatitis
-skin test for TB
-contact allergic reactions-poison ivy
Autoimmunity - correct answer ✔✔reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
-doesn't know difference from self and non-self
-body fights against itself
Breakdown of tolerance
-body recognizes self-antigens as foreign
-self-antigens not normally seen by the immune system
Example: lupus
Transmission of the HIV infection - correct answer ✔✔HIV
-retrovirus that selectively attacks the CD4+ lymphocytes
-transmitted from person to person through
*sexual contact
*blood to blood contact
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