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NRSC 4440 Exam 2 Quizlet
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NRSC 4440 Exam 2 Quizlet NRSC 4440 Exam 2 Quizlet NRSC 4440 Exam 2 Quizlet
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NRSC 4440 Exam 2 QuizletWhat is the current prevalence of cigarette use in the US (ages 18 and older) - ANS 12%
How does smoking influence cancer? - ANS Causes 1/3 of all cancers and 80% of all lung cancers
How is nicotine use increasing while smoking trends are decreasing? - ANS Vaping! Vaping and
smokeless nicotine products (Zyns) are increasing
Any tobacco use is _(incr/decr)___ among high school students and __(incr/decr)___ among middle
school students - ANS decrease; increase
What are 3 reasons why nicotine is an addictive drug - ANS 1) elicits drug-seeking behavior
2) reinforces place preference
3) reinforces self-admin
Acetylcholine supports what kind of transmission? - ANS Fast synaptic transmission in PNS (glutamate
does in CNS) but it is found in both
Explain production and breakdown of ACh - ANS Production:
Acetyl CoA + choline --> ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) --> ACh + CoA
Breakdown:
ACh --> AChE (acetylcholinesterase) --> Choline _ acetic acid
What are characteristics of the neuronal nicotine receptor? - ANS Pentameric, homomeric (all alpha) or
heteromeric (alpha and beta)
,Changes conformation when ACh binds, allowing cations to flow --> NON-SELECTIVE - Ca2+, Na+, and K+
can all enter
What is the big source of ACh? - ANS CNS: Basal forebrain, specifically the Nucleus Basalis and septal
nucleus
PNS: Pedunculopontine nulceus
Occasionally find ACh in stratum where local inhibitor interneurons are (if ACh excites these, inhibition
will decrease - favors impulsivity/drug-seeking)
Where does the nucleus basalis project to - ANS Cortex
This nucleus is impaired in Alzheimer's
Plays role in learning and memory
Where does the septal nucleus project to? What is it associated with?? - ANS The hippocampus
Associated with pleasure
The pedunculopontine nuclei are related to what? - ANS sleep-wake rhythms and turning on REM sleep
How can such a vast ACh system achieve functional specificity? - ANS Because of the complexity of
nAChR subunits and their evolution
, Huge number of combinations, allowing for diversity, changes in affinity for ligand, changes in
permeabilities of channel
Unique receptor subtype expression in diff organs/diff regions
Expression on multiple kinds of neurons: standard neuronal subunits, muscle, alpha-homomeric
neuronal
**ACh system is ideal for neuro modulation
Explain pharmacology of nicotine depending on site of absorption - ANS lung = primary site of absorption
skin delivers more constant blood level of nicotine but slow absorption
stomach intestine have poor absorption
What is the mechanism of action of nicotine in CNS in terms of reward pathway? - ANS Nicotine -->
nAChRs --> alpha4beta2 receptor in VTA*** --> DA release in Nucleus Accumbens --> reward!!
Nicotine acts on many NT (ex: DA for pleasure, NE for arousal, ACh for cognitive enhancement, Glu for
learning; 5-HT for mood modulation, GABA for anxiety reduction)
What is the key feature of alpha7 nAChR subtype? Where is it located? - ANS HIGHLY Ca2+ permeable
(as permeable as NMDA), so will greatly increase the signal (Glutamate release) in post-synaptic neuron
--> LTP
Located int he VTA
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