Afterload - answer-The amount of resistance the ventricle must overcome to pump blood
Increased by hypertension, pulmonary disease, and damage to aortic valve
Alloimmunity - answer-When an individuals immune system reacts against antigens on tissues of other members of same species
i.e. transp...
NR 507- ADVANCED PATHO MIDTERM
Afterload - answer-The amount of resistance the ventricle must overcome to
pump blood
Increased by hypertension, pulmonary disease, and damage to aortic valve
Alloimmunity - answer-When an individuals immune system reacts against
antigens on tissues of other members of same species
i.e. transplant rejection, transfusion reaction, neonatal disease where maternal
immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by fetus
Alpha-1 antitrypsin - answer-Protects the lungs against proteolysis
If deficient--> lung disease such as COPD
Anemia of chronic disease/inflammation - answer-Initially normocytic-
normochromic but changes to microcytic-hypochromic
caused by decreased erythropoiesis and impaired iron utilization in those with
chronic disease/inflammation
i.e. CHF, CKD, infections
Aortic regurgitation murmur - answer-High-pitched early diastolic murmur heard
loudest at left lower sternal border
Diastolic rumbling at heart's apex and systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur
at left upper sternal border
Aortic regurgitation x-ray - answer-signs of pulmonary edema and cardiomegaly
Aortic stenosis murmur - answer-S4 gallop
Mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur heard loudest at base and radiating
to neck
Aplastic anemia - answer-normal MCHC
Suspect if levels of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are also
diminished
Cardiac output - answer-volume of blood pumped from each ventricle per minute
COPD Stage 2- Moderate - answer-FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
FEV1 50-80%
COPD Stage 3- Severe - answer-FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
FEV1 30-50%
COPD Stage 4: Very severe - answer-FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
FEV1 <30%
Extrinsic asthma - answer-Triggered by chronic allergic reaction
elevated IgE
More common in children and males
i.e. mold, pollen, dust, dander
Genetics of Autoimmune disease - answer-Often familial but appear as different
autoimmune conditions in different family members
Heart failure Stage A - answer-Has risk factors but no symptoms
Heart failure stage B - answer-Structural heart damage but no symptoms
Heart failure stage C - answer-Symptomatic with alteration in daily function d/t
dyspnea and swelling
Heart failure stage D - answer-end-stage heart failure
Maximized all pharmacologic therapies
Consider transplant/LVAD/pacemaker
Hematocrit - answer-Volume of cells as a percentage of the total volume of cells
and plasma in whole blood
Normal for men: 42-45%
Normal for women: 37-48%
Hemoglobin - answer-Oxygen-carrying pigment of red cells
Normal for men: 13.5-17.5
Normal for women: 12-15.5
Hemolytic anemia - answer-premature accelerated destruction of erythrocytes
Hyperchromic - answer-increased hemoglobin
high MCHC
dark color
Hypochromic - answer-decreased hemoglobin
low MCHC
RBCs pale color
Intermittent Stage Asthma - answer-Day sx: <2 days/week
Night sx: <2 days/month
Activity level: normal
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