Aristotle's Virtue Ethics - AQA A Level Philosophy Exam And Correct Answers.
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Course
A Level Philosophy
Institution
A Level Philosophy
What is the difference between the good for the individual and the Good? - Answer All actions aim at some good (the goal), but the Good is the "ultimate good" or goal that all humans are working towards.
Define telelogical - Answer Considering the end result and the purpose served, rather ...
Aristotle's Virtue Ethics - AQA A Level
Philosophy Exam And Correct Answers.
What is the difference between the good for the individual and the Good? - Answer All actions aim at
some good (the goal), but the Good is the "ultimate good" or goal that all humans are working towards.
Define telelogical - Answer Considering the end result and the purpose served, rather than the cause.
What is the biggest difference between Virtue Ethics and the other two ethical theories? - Answer
Virtue ethics is agent-centred, as it focuses on the person performing the act instead of the act itself.
What requirements did Aristotle set for the "final end" that all people are searching for? - Answer Self-
sufficient, desirable, inextricably linked to being human.
What is Eudaimonia? - Answer human flourishing; living and faring well by developing your character.
How did Aristotle eliminate pleasure, wealth and honour as his "final end"? - Answer - Animals seek
pleasure; pleasure-seeking is a "bovine existance
- Money is only a means to an end
- Honour is only achieved through doing something, so that thing is the final end, not the honour.
What were Aristotle's views on pleasure? - Answer Pleasure is not the end goal for virtue ethics, as
merely pursuing pleasure is a "bovine existence". However, pleasure is important as it can lead you to
good virtues (he described happiness as the most pleasurable thing of all), but pleasure-seeking can also
cause vices e.g. alchoholism.
What are Aristotle's three levels of happiness? - Answer - The pleasure-seekers: driven by basic desires
- Seekers of honour: solving important issues to get honour e.g. politics
- Those who love contemplation
, What is Aristotle's function argument? - Answer - Something is considered "good" if it performs its
function well, like each part of my body is good if it does its job
- In order to be a "good" person, I must first know what my function is
Aristotle believed that this function was to use the rational part of the soul (reason) - this must be done
virtuously so it's done well.
What is the main issue with the function argument? - Answer The function argument is an argument
from analogy. However, it is a weak argument as humans aren't similar to the things they are compared
to in Aristotle's argument (such as body parts/jobs in society)
What are the two large parts of the soul and their subdivisions? - Answer The rational part - scientific
(holds a priori knowledge) and calculative (weighs up knowledge and makes decisions)
The irrational part - vegetative (survival instincts) and desiderative (distinguishes between needs and
wants)
What are the two types of virtue and how do we learn them? - Answer Intellectual virtues (wisdom,
technical skill etc.) are from the rational part of the soul and are learnt through instruction. Moral virtues
(courage, modesty etc.) are from the irrational part and are learnt through habit.
What can we do to learn moral virtues? - Answer - Practising them every time we make a judgement
- Observing an expert
- Receiving advice
- Making adjustments as we go
How do we have to think about moral decisions under Aristotle? - Answer A virtuous person does not
have to persuade themselves to behave virtuously, they just do it instinctively. However, by constantly
choosing to be virtuous we will form a habit.
What is the Golden Mean? - Answer The virtuous midpoint between the vice of deficiency and the vice
of excess. The mean is adjusted based on the situation and people involved.
What counts as a voluntary act? - Answer - Acts that come from free choice
- Acts that are consequences of desire (e.g. anger)
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