Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung disease, &
airway obstruction can cause - ANS ✓respiratory acidosis
Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of nicotine, &
overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause - ANS ✓respiratory
alkalosis
hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, excessive vomiting, NG
suction, Cushing's disease, kidney disease or drugs containing baking soda -
ANS ✓metabolic alkalosis
Compensatory shock (first stage) - ANS ✓anxiety, restlessness, fear
increased breathing & heart rate
Decompensatory shock (second stage) - ANS ✓mental status continues to
deteriorate
breathing becomes rapid & shallow
heartbeat is rapid
skin pale or ashen & cool
nausea & thirst occur
causes of hypovolemic shock - ANS ✓hemorrhage; trauma, GI ulcer, surgery,
inadequate clotting
dehydration; vomiting & diarrhea, diuretic therapy, loss of plasma from
burns
septic shock risk factors - ANS ✓broad spectrum antibiotics
immunosuppressive therapy
burns or other trauma
anatomic obstruction
Age (V old & V young)
diabetes, AIDS
Neurogenic shock causes - ANS ✓spinal cord injury
spinal anesthesia
envois system damage
ventilation - ANS ✓movement of air in and out of the lungs
tidal volume - ANS ✓movement of air in one breath
cheyne strokes - ANS ✓breaths are deep then followed by apnea, cycling back to
deep breathing
due to severe brain pathology such as brain stem herniation
Kussmal's breathing - ANS ✓breaths are deep, rapid, & labored
PN 4003
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