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Summary Nelson Biology 11 - 2.3 - The Protists
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Detailed notes & summaries needed to study for chapter 2.3 The protists
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Summary Nelson Biology 11 - 2.2 - Viruses, viroid, & prions
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Grade 11 Biology Notes (From the Nelson Grade 11 Biology Textbook)
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2.3 The Eukaryotes: Kingdom Protista- irst eukaryotes
F
- Most aquatic, some terrestrial
- Extremely diverse: small unicellular → giant multicellular (green kelp)
- Asexual/sexual reproduction
- Many areparasites — live on other organisms: some are not harmful, others cause disease
IMPORTANCE
- hotosynthetic protists: major producers in the ocean
P
- Non-photosynthetic protists:consumers who dominate the lowest trophic level
- Some protist parasites are harmful to their hosts —malaria (caused by plasmodium) →greatest
concern for humans, sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery, giardiasis (intestinal parasite)
- Food products: nori in sushi, food additive (carrageenan), seaweed (toothpaste, cosmetics, paints)
- Agar: a gelatinous substance derived from red algae → used as culture medium for growth of
bacteria
The Origins of Eukaryotes
) E
1 volutionfrom prokaryotic to eukaryoticcells
- Internal organelles developed when a ancestral prokaryotic cell membrane folded in on itself
- Prokaryote becomes eukaryote
) O
2 rigin ofmitochondriaandchloroplasts:Endosymbiosis
- Consider: mitochondria & chloroplasts each have 2 membranes
- Inner membranes similar to those of ancestral prokaryote
- Outer membranes match eukaryotic cell membranes
- Mitochondria & chloroplasts have their own chromosomes → similar to prokaryotic
chromosomes, contain genetic info used by organelles
- Mitochondria & chloroplastsreproduce independentlywithin eukaryotic cells bybinary
fissionas prokaryotes do
- Mitochondria & chloroplasts are thought to originate byEndosymbiosis
→ Theory:
- Mitochondria → aerobic prokaryote
- Chloroplasts → photosynthetic prokaryote
- provide benefit for eukaryotes : glucose
- benefit from eukaryotic cell: CO2 produced
- Endosymbiosis is widespread: beneficial / parasites
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