Kaiser EKG Test with complete solution updated 2024/2025
depolarization - correct answer - inside of cell becomes positive, outside negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
repolarization - correct answer movement of cells = inside is negative again
- na+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
p wave
qrs wave
t wave - correct answer - (p) atrial depolarization
- (qrs) ventricular depolarization
- (t) ventricular repolarization
refractory period - correct answer per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond
to stimulus
absolute refractory period - correct answer beginning of qrs to peak of t wave
relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - correct answer - cardiac
cells have repolarized enough to respond to strong stimulus
- during this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the heart
- ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vtach or torsades
- prolonged QT interval inc possibility
causes of prolonged qt intervals - correct answer haldol, bradycardia,
hypokalemia
automaticity - correct answer ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical
impulse
excitability - correct answer ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
conductivity - correct answer ability to recieve electrical stimulus and conduct
impulse to adjacent cells
contraction - correct answer cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in
response to electrical stimulus
sa node - correct answer - primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - correct answer delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
bundle of his - correct answer ability to self initiate electrical activity
- 40-60 bpm
purkinje fibers - correct answer network of fibers that carry electrical impulse to
ventricular muscle cells
, Kaiser EKG Test with complete solution updated 2024/2025
- 20-40 bpm
NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - correct answer NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40
PR interval - correct answer 0.12-0.20
beginning of p to beginning of qrs
qrs interval - correct answer < 0.12
beginning of q to end of s
qt interval - correct answer beginning of q to end of t
- heart rate dependent
is rhythm regular or irregular - correct answer measure interval between R waves
ventricular rate - correct answer - count # of qrs complexes
atrial rate - correct answer - count # of p waves
causes of bradycardia - correct answer - vagal
- dig, beta blockers
- compensatory response in acute MI
- ischemic heart disease
- sick sinus. synd
- inc intracranial pressure
bradycardia symptoms - correct answer hypotension, AMS, signs of shock,
ischemic chest discomfort, HF
bradycardia tx - correct answer atropine
- 1 mg q3-5min
- max dose 3 mg
dopamine
- 2-20 mcg/kg/min
epinephrine
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