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Class notes Chys 2p10

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  • November 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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CHYS 2P10

Lecture 7. Sexual Development

Dr. Tony Volk

tvolk@brocku.ca

Defining Sex & Gender

Sex

A person’s biological identity

Chromosomes, physical identity and hormones

Gender

A person’s social and cultural identity

The two are typically strongly correlated

Evolution and Sex

The two sexes may not necessarily have the same reproductive interests

This can lead to divergent evolutionary adaptations, as each sex seeks to maximize its own

reproductive fitness

Are the sexes equal in their reproductive fitness?

Women’s Success

The world record for having the most number of children officially recorded is 69 by the first of

two wives of Feodor Vassilyev (1707-1782), a peasant from Shuya, 150 miles east of Moscow.

, In 27 confinements, she gave birth to 16 pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets and four sets of

quadruplets!

Men’s Success

The most prolific father of all time is believed to be the last Sharifian Emperor of Morocco,

Mulai Ismail (1646-1727). In 1703 he had at least 342 daughters and 525 sons and by 1721 he

was reputed to have 700 male descendents!

Men’s Success

Then a study in 2003 suggested that up to 16 million people worldwide (.5% of men) — and 8

per cent of Asian men — were descended from Genghis Khan and his relatives!!!

Thus, on average, men can experience much more variance than women and these may lead to

different adaptations

Evolutionary Summary

The two sexes were typically subject to the same evolutionary pressures (e.g., being able to

digest protein; socialize)

However, there are differences that are predicted and explained by evolutionary theory based on

different average life strategies for the sexes

HEXACO Personality Traits

Men and women have different average levels of basic personality traits

1. Honest-Humility (♀+)

2. Emotionality (♀++)

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