Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 20 Muscular System and Pathologies
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- Massage therapy
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- Advanced Massage Therapeutics
Chapter 20 Muscular System and Pathologies
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Chapter 20: Muscular System and PathologiesSalvo: Massage Therapy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which term means continuous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles?
a. Gait
b. Posture
c. Muscle tone
d. Muscle twitch
ANS: C
Muscle tone or tonus is the continuous and partial contraction of skeletal muscles, or muscle’s
resistance to stretch while muscles are not contracting. Muscle tone helps to maintain posture
and declines during sleep.
2. Which function does the muscular system perform?
a. Filtration of wastes
b. Heat production
c. Exchange of gases
d. Immune responses
ANS: B
Muscles provide movement, heat production, and posture maintenance.
3. Which term means heat production?
a. Thermogenesis
b. Homeostasis
c. Glycolysis
d. Extensibility
ANS: A
Skeletal muscles are the most metabolically active structures in the body and produce a
significant amount of heat. This mechanism is called thermogenesis and is important for
maintaining body temperature.
4. Which term means the covering of a muscle cell?
a. Epimysium
b. Sarcoplasm
c. Perimysium
d. Sarcolemma
ANS: D
Sarcolemma is the cell membrane that surrounds muscle fibers.
5. What is the basic unit of contraction in a muscle cell?
a. Fascicle
b. Retinacula
c. Sarcomere
d. Perimysium
, ANS: C
Myofibrils contain repeating compartments along their entire length called sarcomeres; these
are the basic units of contraction.
6. Which term refers to a thin filament protein?
a. Actin
b. Myosin
c. Fascicle
d. Sarcolemma
ANS: A
Thin filaments are made of three proteins: actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.
7. Which term refers to a thick filament?
a. Actin
b. Myosin
c. Fascicle
d. Sarcolemma
ANS: B
Myosin composes the thick filaments which are located in the center of the sarcomere.
8. Which ion does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release?
a. Sodium
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Phosphorus
ANS: B
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of interconnected hollow tubes and plays a key role in
muscular contractions by storing and releasing calcium ions.
9. Which tissue surrounds the entire muscle?
a. Epimysium
b. Perimysium
c. Endomysium
d. Endometrium
ANS: A
Muscles are groups of fasciculi that are surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called
epimysium and anchored to bone by tendons.
10. Which structure anchors muscles to bone?
a. Tendon
b. Fascicle
c. Ligament
d. Retinaculum
ANS: A
Muscles are groups of fasciculi that are surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called
epimysium and anchored to bone by tendons.
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