SUMMARY CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
METHODS - GRADE 8.5/RESEARCH METHODS
CORRELATIONAL METHOD (L5) QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024-2025 EXAM
Outlier - Answer-A score that stands out as either much higher or much
lower than most of the other scores in a sample
Restriction of Range - Answer-A situation involving a bivariate
correlation, in which there is not a full range of possible scores on one of
the variables in the association, so the relationship from the sample
underestimates the true correlation
Curvilinear Association - Answer-An association between two variables
which is not a straight line; instead, as one variable increases, the level
of the other variable increases and then decreases (or visa versa).
Directionality Problem - Answer-In a correlational study, the
occurrence of both variables being measured around the same time,
making it unclear which variable in the association came first
Third-Variable Problem - Answer-A situation in which a plausible
alternative explanation exists for the association between two variables
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