Exam (elaborations)
NURS 350; FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
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NURS 350; FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES...
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NURS 350; FLUID AND ELECTROLYTESfluid and electrolyte balance - ANSWER -necessary for homeostasis
-proper body functioning
-survival
fluids - ANSWER -mainly water
-provide transport for vital substances to and from cells (proteins, hormones,
glucose, e-bytes)
-amt of fluids and e-bytes kept in narrow limits of normal
-water content varies with age, gender, fat content
why are older adults more at risk for fluid imbalances? ANSWER they have
less body water
intracellular fluid (ICF) ANSWER inside the cell
-2/3 of the fluid is there
extracellular fluid (ECF) ANSWER outside the cell
-1/3 of the fluid is there
-intravascular: inside of a vessel or vascular space (plasma)
-interstitial: within the tissue
-transcellular: tiny amt of fluid in special cavitites (GI, CSF, pleural,
pericardial)
,pleural cavity - ANSWER - surrounds the lungs so they can move smoothly
inside the cavity l (lubrication)
-10 ml, no more than 30 ml
pericardial sac - ANSWER - surrounds heart
-same as pleural cavity b/c its for lubrication purposes
fluid compartments of body - ANSWER - ECF = 20%, 1/3
-ICF = 40%, 2/3
-plasma = 3 L
-interstitial fluid = 10 L
-intracellular fluid = 28 L
-40% solids
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER -in BV it's the blood pressure generated by
heart contraction
-it's a force within fluid compartment
-at the capillary level hydrostatic pressure is the major force that pushes water
out of the vascular system and into the interstitial space
oncotic pressure - ANSWER -caused by plasma proteins (colloids) in solution-
that's why it's also called colloidal osmotic pressure
-plasma protein molecules attract water, pulling fluid from tissue space to
vascular space magnet- opposite of hydrostatic pressure
, if there are changes in capillary or interstitial pressures. ANSWER -fluid may
shift abnormally from one compartment to another resulting in edema or
dehydration
e-lytes carry electrical charge: cations (+) ANSWER -sodium (Na+)
-Potassium (K+)
-Magnesium (Mg 2+)
-Calcium (Ca 2+)
-Hydrogen
e-lytes carry electrical charge: anions (-) - ANSWER -Chloride (Cl-)
-Phosphate (HPO4 2-)
-Sulfate
-Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
e-lyte composition: ICF - ANSWER -prevalent cation is K+ (with small amt of
Mg and Na)
-prevalent anion is PO4 3- (phosphate) with some protein and small amt of
bicarbonate
e-lyte composition: ECF - ANSWER -prevalent cation is Na+ with small amt
of K, Ca, Mg (retained Na= water retention)
-most common anion is Cl- with small amount of bicarbonate, sulfate,
phosphate
What ion plays a critical role in the regulation of fluid volume? - ANSWER -
Na+
-retained Na=retention
Na loss=H20 loss or decreased fluid volume
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