1897 ernest duchesne - ANSWERS-french physician
-antimicrobial property of penicillium mold
-infected guinea pigs with salmonella or e. coli
-those with mold media survived
1928 alexander fleming - ANSWERS-st mary's hospital
-rediscovered penicillin
-penicillium mold accidentally contaminat...
amr exam 1:100% Accurate!!
1897 ernest duchesne - ANSWERS-french physician
-antimicrobial property of penicillium mold
-infected guinea pigs with salmonella or e. coli
-those with mold media survived
1928 alexander fleming - ANSWERS-st mary's hospital
-rediscovered penicillin
-penicillium mold accidentally contaminated
-observed S. aureus zone of inhibition
-dif effect on dif bacteria
-didn't isolate active compound
- initially warned about development of amr due to misuse
cecil george paine - ANSWERS-st mary's hospital medical school
- flemings bacteriology course
- successfully treated patients with penicillium
- 1st penicillium clinical use
1940 howard florey - ANSWERS- university of oxford
- australian pharmacologist and pathologist
- aware of paine's clinical work due to time overlap
- first to successfully purify
1940 ernst b. chain - ANSWERS- german-born british biochemist
- purified penicillin from penicillium
- 1940 chain and florey: "penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent"
- mold from illinois cantaloupe best
1943 penicillin - ANSWERSmiracle drug became commercially available w/o
prescription
1945 nobel prize - ANSWERSalexander fleming
howard florey
ernst b. chain
define antibiotics (selman waksman, father of antibiotics 1942 definition) - ANSWERSa
microbial product that kills or inhibits the growth of other microbes
bacteriocidal - ANSWERSkills bacteria
bacteriostatic - ANSWERSinhibits bacterial growth
, antibiotics are not ___, they are ___ - ANSWERSdeveloped, discovered
1945 dorothy crowfoot hodgkin - ANSWERSsolved structure of penicillin using x-ray
crystallography
also b-12 and insulin (Nobel Prize 1946)
B-lactam structure - ANSWERSmimics D-Ala-D-Ala
penicillin binding protein - ANSWERStranspeptidase subunit
cross-links adjacent sugar glycan chains by removing terminal D-ala residue from one
peptidoglycan
NAM: - ANSWERSN-acetylmuramic acid
with pentapeptide chain
NAG: - ANSWERSN-acetylglucosamine
lipid I - ANSWERSNAM + pentapeptide chain with terminal D-Ala-D-Ala
lipid II - ANSWERSNAG attached to NAM + pentapeptide chain with terminal D-Ala-D-
Ala
4 B-lactams that mimic D-Ala-D-Ala - ANSWERSpenicillin
cephalosporin
monobactam
carbapenem
B-lactam binds transpeptidases (PBPs) much ____ than D-Ala-D-Ala. Binding is ___
and ____ and results in ___, ___, and ___ - ANSWERSstronger
covalent, irreversible
inhibition of enzyme
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
death by cell lysis
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide accumulation in presence of B-lactam proves -
ANSWERSthat synthesis of lipid I and lipid II happens before transpeptidation so it will
accumulate if it cant be transformed into peptidoglycan layer
B-lactam mediated cell lysis - ANSWERScauses cells to abnormally elongate, get fatter,
then explode
B-lactam antibiotics are more effective in gram ___ - ANSWERSpositive
1928 penicillin G - ANSWERSR-CH2Ph
narrow spectrum
naturally derived
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