Rio Bio 202 Exam 2 Actual Questions
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1. Two Types of Defense - ANSWER ✔ -innate
-adaptive
2. Innate Defense - ANSWER ✔ - comprised of Surface Barriers (1st line-skin,
mucous membrane) and Internal Defenses (2nd line-phagocytes, fever, NK cells,
Antimicrobial proteins, Inflammation)
3. Adaptive Defense - ANSWER ✔ -a. 3rd line defense, Humoral Immunity (B
cells) and Cellular Immunity (T cells)
4. Antigen - ANSWER ✔ -produces mobilization and activation of immune
response
5. Two Types of Antigens - ANSWER ✔ - Complete
-incomplete
6. Complete Antigen - ANSWER ✔ -possess Immunogenicity (ability to stimulate
lymphocyte/antibody) and Reactivity (ability to react with lymphocyte/ antibody)
7. Incomplete Antigen - ANSWER ✔ -aka Haptens, possess reactivity not
immunogenicity unless attached to protein carrier
8. T-Cells - ANSWER ✔ -originate in 'T'hymus, receptors are NOT antibodies
,-possess Positive Selection (MHC restriction process) and Negative Selection
(prevents reaction to self-antigens)
9. B-Cells - ANSWER ✔ -originate in 'B'one Marrow
-receptors are membrane-bound antibodies
-clonal deletion (apoptosis) and receptor editing (change self-reactive antigen
receptor)
10. Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ -Humoral Immune Response occurs when
an invading antigen encounters a naïve B cell lymphocyte and antibodies are
produced to counteract the invader
-clonal selection
- Primary Immune Response
-Secondary Immune Response
11. Clonal Selection - ANSWER ✔ multiplication of B cell into an army of cells
with antigen-specific receptors
13.Secondary Immune Response - ANSWER ✔ reexposure to antigen
14.Active Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ when antibodies are produced after
an antigen encounter
15. Two Types of Active Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ -Naturally acquired
-artificialy acquired
16. Natrually Acquired Active Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ symptoms of
bacterial or viral disease exhibited develop (ie-illness)
17. Artificially Acquired Active Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ Vaccines, aim
to 'prime' immune response by establishing 1st meeting
18. Passive Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ -antibodies derived from serum of
immune human or animal
-NOT from plasma cells
*immunological memory does NOT occur
,19. Example of Passive Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✔ -natural passive
immunity in an infant through the placenta or breastmilk
-artificial passive immunity such as the administration of IV immunoglobulin
20. Path of Airflow - ANSWER ✔ Nose->Pharynx->Larynx->Trachea->Bronchial
Tree->Alveoli
21. Conducting Structures - ANSWER ✔ -Conduct/guide air to respiratory
structures
*the smaller the conducting structure the less cartilage, thinner epithelium, smooth
muscle increases*
22. Conducting Structures from largest to smallest - ANSWER ✔ Right Bronchi
(wider, shorter than left-common site of inhaled foreign body)/Left Bronchi-
>Lobar(secondary) Bronchi->Segmental(tertiary) Bronchi->Bronchioles->
Terminal Bronchioles
23. Respiratory Structures - ANSWER ✔ *presence of alveoli*
-Structures starting from terminal bronchioles: respiratory bronchioles->alveolar
ducts->alveolar sacs
25. Pulmonary Ventilation - ANSWER ✔ -based on *Boyle's Law-pressure varies
inversely to volume at constant temperature*
26. Inspriation - ANSWER ✔ -Contraction of Inspiratory Muscles-> Increased
Thoracic Cavity Volume-> Stretched Lungs/Increase in Intrapulmonary volume->
Drop in Intrapulmonary pressure -> flow of air into lungs until pressure=0
27.Expiration - ANSWER ✔ Relaxation of Inspiratory Muscles-> Decreased
thoracic cavity volume-> Passive recoil of Elastic lungs/decreased intrapulmonary
volume-> Rise of Intrapulmonary pressure-> air flow out until pressure=0
28.Which of the following best describes hormones?
1.secreted into ducts
, 2.produced in large quantities
3.travel through neurons
4.coordinate body activities - ANSWER ✔ 4. coordinate body activites
Which large cells start as monocytes in the blood, but become fixed in the tissue
they protect?
1.erythrocytes
2.macrophages
3.basophils
4.lymphocytes
5.neutrophils - ANSWER ✔ 2. macrophages
3. Which of the following is a step in blood coagulation?
1.HbO2 > Hb + O2
2.pepsinogen > pepsin
3.thrombin > prothrombin
4.fibrinogen > fibrin - ANSWER ✔ 4. fibrinogen > fibrin
Hyaline cartilage gives:
1.flexibility to the outer ear
2.binding strength to pubic symphysis
3.structural strength to the trachea
4.tensile strength to bone - ANSWER ✔ 3. structural strength to the trachea
Which of the digestive processes increases surface area of food?
1.mechanical digestion
2.absorption
3.chemical digestion
4.expulsion - ANSWER ✔ 1. mechanical digestion
Which describes a protein?
1.source of nitrogenous wastes
2.made up of amino acids
3.makes up keratin and enzymes
4.includes fructose and glucose
5.1, 2, & 3 are correct
6.1 - 4 are correct - ANSWER ✔ 1, 2, & 3 are correct
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