TEST BANK FOR THE UNFINISHED NATION A CONCISE
HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE 10TH EDITION BY
ALAN BRINKLEY, GIGGIE, HUEBNER
Sir Francis Drake - (ANSWER)English explorer/pirate who circumnavigated the globe from
1577 to 1580 and was sent by Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships/settlements for gold
Great Awakening - (ANSWER)Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth
century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
Quakers - (ANSWER)English dissenters who broke from the Church of England, preached a
doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded
Pennsylvania
George Whitefield - (ANSWER)English clergyman who was known for his ability to convince
many people through his sermons. He involved himself in the Great Awakening in 1739
preaching his belief in gaining salvation.
the crusades - (ANSWER)A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European
Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Separatists - (ANSWER)English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the
Church of England. Included the Pilgrims and Quakers
Christopher Columbus - (ANSWER)Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the
service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
Triangle Trade - (ANSWER)the trading system between the Americas, England and Africa;
Africa would give slaves and rum to the Americas, including the West Indies; America would
offer timber, tobacco, fish, and flour; England would mainly process and ship back
,Covenant - (ANSWER)A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a
human being in which mutual commitments are made.
Ethnocentrism - (ANSWER)Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
Puritan work ethic - (ANSWER)the idea that work is a gift from God and a means of glorifying
Him
Henry VIII - (ANSWER)(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul
his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church,
and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.
The Requirement - (ANSWER)The requirement that all Natives had to convert to Christianity or
be killed.
Mayflower Compact - (ANSWER)1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It
was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Cotton Mather - (ANSWER)Puritan theologian, who urged the inoculation against smallpox,
played a role in Salem Witch Trials
The Black Legend - (ANSWER)Concept that Spanish conquerors merely tortured and murdered
Indians, stole gold and infected them with smallpox, leaving nothing of benefit
Salutary neglect - (ANSWER)British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George
II. Relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureacrats contributed significantly to
the rise of American self government
Elizabeth I - (ANSWER)This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and
Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity
and conformity to the Church of England
, Sir Walter Raleigh - (ANSWER)1587
*Selected Roanoke Island as a site for the first English settlement
*Returned to England to secure additional supplies, but he found the colony deserted upon his
return; it is not known what became of the Roanoke settlers
*Raleigh abandoned his attempts to colonize Virginia after the failure at Roanoke
*Held back by a lack of financial resources and the war with Spain, English colonization in
America was impeded for fifteen years
Richard Hakluyt - (ANSWER)English promoter of exploration. In 1584 he wrote A Discourse of
Western Planting in which he pleaded for colonies to accomplish diverse objects: to extend the
reformed religion, to expand trade, to supply England's needs from her own dominions, and
various other reasons for exploration.
John Calvin - (ANSWER)Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the
irresistibly of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
Glorious Revolution - (ANSWER)A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James
II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William
of Orange.
Roanoke - (ANSWER)Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir
Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared,
and historians still don't know what became of them.
Marco Polo - (ANSWER)(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to
China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the
knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.
Joint stock company - (ANSWER)A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each
shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's
profits and debts.
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