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Alloys: A Blend of Metals for Better Properties
What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, or a metal with a non-metal. This combination often results in properties
that are superior to those of the individual elements.
How are alloys made?
Alloys are typically made through a process called melting and mixing. The metals are heated until they are molten,
then combined and stirred together. Once the mixture is thoroughly blended, it is cooled to solidify, forming the alloy.
Two examples of alloys:
1. Steel:
○ Composition-(Metals mixed): Primarily iron with a small percentage of carbon.
○ Advantages over pure iron: Steel is significantly stronger and more durable than pure iron. The
carbon atoms fill the gaps between the iron atoms, strengthening the structure. Additionally, steel
is more resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for construction, tools, and machinery.
2. Brass:
○ Composition-(Metals mixed): A mixture of copper and zinc.
○ Advantages over pure copper: Brass is harder and more resistant to wear than pure copper. The
addition of zinc improves the alloy's strength and durability. Brass is commonly used for musical
instruments, doorknobs, and plumbing fixtures due to its attractive appearance and practical
properties.
Why are alloys better than pure metals?
Alloys offer several advantages over pure metals, including:
● Increased strength: The combination of different metals often results in a stronger material.
● Improved durability: Alloys are more resistant to wear and tear than pure metals.
● Enhanced corrosion resistance: Certain alloys, like stainless steel, are highly resistant to corrosion.
● Tailored properties: By varying the composition of an alloy, it is possible to create materials with specific
properties to suit different applications.
In conclusion, alloys play a crucial role in modern society due to their superior properties compared to pure metals. By
understanding how alloys are made and their unique characteristics, we can appreciate their widespread use in various
industries and everyday life.
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