This document is a comprehensive study guide for NURS 611 at Maryville University, covering key topics in pathophysiology through exam questions and detailed answers, updated for .
NURS 611 EXAM 1,2,3 AND 4 PATHO
MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY NEWEST UPDATE
2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A++
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Nucleus?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - Contains the nucleolus, a small, dense structure
composed largely of RNA; most of the cellular DNA; and the DNA-binding
proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity. Therefore, the histones binding
to DNA cause DNA to fold into chromosomes. The wrapping of DNA into tight
packages of chromosomes is essential for cell division in eukaryotes.
Ribosomes?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - RNA-protein complexes that are synthesized in
the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. These tiny ribosomes may float free in
the cytoplasm or attach themselves to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic
reticulum. THEIR CHEIF FUNCTION IS TO PROVIDE SITES FOR
CELLULAR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
Golgi Complex ?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - a network of flattened, smooth membranes and
vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell. Proteins from the
endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packaged into small membrane-bound
sacs or vesicles called secretory vesicles, the Golgi complex is a refining plant
and directs traffic (i.e. protein, polynucleotides, polysaccharide molecules) in
the cell.
Lysosomes?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - Maintain cellular health through:
-efficient removal of toxic cellular components
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-removal of useless organelles
-termination of signal transduction
-signals cellular adaptation
Mitochondria?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - organelles found in large numbers in most cells
and responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. The inner
membrane contains the enzymes of the respiratory chain and these enzymes are
essential to the process of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the
cells ATP.
Apoptosis?
- CORRECT ANSWERS - Programmed cell death. Cellular self-destruction
for elimination of unwanted cell populations.
Necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS - Characterized by rapid loss of the
plasma membrane, organelle swelling and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS - #1 cause of cellular injury leading to
necrosis (especially in kidneys and heart)
Physiologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS - -occurs with early
development
-example: the thymus gland undergoes physiologic atrophy during childhood
Pathologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS - occurs as a result of decreases
in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and
nervous stimulation
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS - increase in cell size
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