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©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 | P a g e ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Study Guide. Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answerthe process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders selective breeding (artificial selection) - answert...

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  • November 24, 2024
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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Study Guide.

Selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with

specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders


selective breeding (artificial selection) - answer✔the process of developing organisms with

specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders


Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of

hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly

referred to as the "father of genetics"


Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answer✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of

hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly

referred to as the "father of genetics"


modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics


modern genetics - answer✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics


bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928

which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus

strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.



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, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
bacterial transforming principle - answer✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928

which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus

strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.


Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the

likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.


Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answer✔biological researchers who identified DNA as the

likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.


Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage

was DNA, not protein.


Hershey and Chase (1952) - answer✔concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage

was DNA, not protein.


Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and

T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).


Edwin Chargaff - answer✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and

T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).


Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that

hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than

vertically




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Frederick Griffith (1928) - answer✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that

hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than

vertically


genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species


genome - answer✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species


vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental

reproduction


vertical transmission - answer✔gene transmission between organisms without parental

reproduction


horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through

reproduction (aka person-to-person)


horizontal transmission - answer✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring through

reproduction (aka person-to-person)


DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.


DNA replication - answer✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.


transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template


transcription - answer✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template



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mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the

information to make a protein


mRNA (messenger RNA) - answer✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the

information to make a protein


hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to

the next (encoded in DNA in humans).


hereditary material - answer✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation to

the next (encoded in DNA in humans).


Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research

on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)


Pauling and Corey (1951) - answer✔biological researchers who provided the basis for research

on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)


Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape

of DNA


Watson and Crick (1953) - answer✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape

of DNA


nucleotide - answer✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently

bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.



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