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Summary Social Psychology - English - Year 1, period 4 - VU Psychology $9.67
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Summary Social Psychology - English - Year 1, period 4 - VU Psychology

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This is a visual English summary of the social psychology course at the VU Amsterdam (first years). There is also a bundle available where this summary is combined with the measuring & diagnosing course, you can find that bundle on this page as well. Good luck!

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  • Unknown
  • March 16, 2020
  • 27
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

4  reviews

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By: aishwaryamuthusubramanian05 • 8 months ago

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By: sabrineelb3 • 2 year ago

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By: Squidjuice • 4 year ago

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By: izzydj2000 • 4 year ago

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Week i :




Social psychology the scientific of how think to influence
study relate another
= and
people about , ,
one ,




either interpersonally or within groups .




Intrapersonal

→ social has levels of
analysis
psychology 4 processes


Interpersonal


relations


Intra -


group processes


Intergroup


relations


Social psychology relies on 3 axioms


⑦ Human cognition
,
emotion & behavior =
An interaction between individuals 4 the situation ( ffpersonx situation ) )
↳ Different situations activate different roles of a
person

↳ People choose situations they get into

↳ Situations "
choose
"
the ( aka physical limitations basketball)
person e -

g ,




↳ People &
change situations situations change / influence people




Study of the role of the person Study of the role or the situation


Social neuroscience


Marketing


Evolutionary psychology ••
Group psychology

Cultural psychology



⑦ People construct their own reality
-
D human cognition ,
emotion & behavior is
strongly influenced by their

interpretation of the given situation (due to
past experiences genetics nurture etc )

.


, ,




leads to :


Self serving interpretations interpreting reality in a that benefits
way you personally
-

=




Motivated reasoning =
selectively interpreting evidence that supports their worldview I
ignore non -




supporting evidence



Ideological conflict = different parties see their moral worldview as the objective truth ,
difficult to comprimise




③ People are social animals → others influence most of what people think ,
feel I do




↳ Because we have a need to
belong
why ? -
D It was evolutionary adaptive → The social brain
hypothesis ( Dunbar ) = our complex human brain evolved


brings

It & emotional
well-being result of complex social life
psychological as a our



↳ The

herding instinct = it is in our nature to desire meaningful Only correlation


relationships with others & exclusion from

social relationships is therefore painful
-




→ literally ,
activation of same brain area



as with physical pain

, There are 3 theories on ostracism f- social exclusion )




⑦ Williams Zadro Stages to
& :
Distinguish 3 in
response ostracism


7) Reflexive painful response not influenced by individual differences

2) A threatened need for belonging self esteem -
control and/or meaningful existence
, ,




↳ what is threatened influences the With threatened relational needs (belonging I self esteem )
response .




one will behave pro -



socially .
However when it concerns control and/or meaningful existence


individuals can become controlling or even anti -

social .




3) Reflective stage where their to the event I their
people attach personal meaning use
coping strategy
↳ Here individual differences will show -
D
fight ( act hostile) , flight ( avoidance of
any possible rejection)

& freeze ( to give up ) responses




② Pickett & Gardner : suggest we have a
physical social monitoring system that helps regulate feelings of belongingness
→ low belonging = more motivation to attend to social cues & act pro -


socially .




③ Baumeister & Dewall : suggest that social exclusion causes a
temporary state of cognitive deconstruction

→ would explain why there can be no
signs of mood impact &
why people have

trouble with self -




regulating (e.g unhealthy . eating ) after being excluded




Ostracism has been studied with

the cyber ball Study → found that emotional pain activates the same brain area as physical pain

the / exclusion / accident feedback found ( intelligence ) performance
connection -


prone study → that social exclusion affects ,




life that
made more
people feel like is meaningless & showed

those '
excluded
'

gave louder noise blasts to
strangers
↳ almost like revenge explains shooting innocent strangers
,




during school shooting is
mostly done by outsiders




Smaltgroupprocesses

Humans form groups = two or more people who interact I influence eachother t perceive eachother as
"

US
"





Groups have structure

Groups are dynamic
L L
Power differences between individuals Members influence each others performance

L L
Status differences between individuals Members influence each others
opinions
L Members influence each others decisions


Theinfluenceofgroupsonperforma
The influence of
groups on the individual performance can be seen through :
① Social facilitation = the enhancement of performance by the mere
presence of others


Leg . people row faster when there's another person than when alone ( Triplett)

⑦ Social inhibition = the
worsening of performance by the mere presence of others




→ What determines whether social facilitation or inhibition will occur ? → Zajonc social facilitation model




pres →ffac"itatesthedominantrespo#
\lnhibitsthenon-dominantrespo#

, Yourdom.in#sponsedifferspertask theory ( Zajonc)
'
the
'

.
explained by drive


→ Tasks we know well = facilitation




Otherspreserce@le.g
Tasks

.
good
that

VS.
are


bad
new


pool
= inhibition


players )
t

Physician
→ The level of arousal is however for tasks t for difficult

also important for performance
we know we"
Dominantrespon# or new tasks


& this differs p g
for difficult easy tasks l
f
or
b

= Yerkes -

Dodson law socialfacilitat.io# socialinhibit.io#
↳ correct dominant response ↳ incorrect dominant response




why do people feel arousal when others are watching ?
① Evaluation apprehension
iBook



T.FI?.::..:i;aesu*ertrontoocittie
. ②m÷÷÷÷mIIi%E::::at÷I:÷÷
L other is to arousal
peoples presence enough create


( illustrated by cockroach experiment )


③ Social loafing less effort
=
people exert
individually as
group size increases

L
e.g . rope pulling ( Ingham )
L also if let believe it's collective task (e.g hand
works
you merely people a .
-




clapping experiment)




whydopeoplecommitso-iaoafing.tl .




⑦ Often '
(
'

there is a lack of evaluation apprehension as you 're not judged individually )
( you're

There is a diffision of
responsibility not held accountable
individually )
People have the
tendency to choose for their short -
term self - interest vs .
the long - term collective interest


↳ This leads to social dilemmas (e.g .
not
paying taxes , pollution )




Peopleconalsobelieveothersareloafingtsutthispe
windsock's


£0
that too much talent
'

in have adverse
'
The group is more cohesive (closer bonds) But note a
group can effects

The entire ↳ too 's detrimental to cohesiveness
group is more competitive many ego =
group

LD = too -

much -
talent effect




Youcanreducesocialloafingingroupsthroug.IO
Making individual contributions visible ( reinstates evaluation apprehension & reputation )

LD note that this is not always possible in practice

⑦ ( increases / competitiveness )
'
Make tasks
'


appealing / challenging motivation


③ Increase group cohesion

④ Increase the perceived importance of the
group goals ( increases motivation / competitiveness)
'




Theinfluenceofgroupsonopinionsthe
influence of groups on the individual opinion can be seen through :
② Group polarization =
Through group discussion ,
the average opinion of individual group members will become more extreme .




↳ How ? •
Echo chambers form closed discussion communities with like minded people
=
people -





Confirmation bias =
people selectively search for information that confirms Halidates one 's own opinion

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