Essentials of StatisticsThis page intentionally left blankMario F. Triola
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a complement of event a h0 null hypothesis h1 alte
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, Symbol Table
A complement of event A Σx y sum of the products of each x value multiplied by
H0 null hypothesis the corresponding y value
H1 alternative hypothesis n number of values in a sample
a alpha; probability of a type I error or the area of n! n factorial
the critical region N number of values in a finite population; also used
b beta; probability of a type II error as the size of all samples combined
r sample linear correlation coefficient k number of samples or populations or categories
r rho; population linear correlation coefficient x mean of the values in a sample
r2 coefficient of determination m mu; mean of all values in a population
rs Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient s standard deviation of a set of sample values
b1 point estimate of the slope of the regression line s lowercase sigma; standard deviation of all values
in a population
b0 point estimate of the y-intercept of the regression
line s2 variance of a set of sample values
2
ny predicted value of y s variance of all values in a population
d difference between two matched values z standard score
d mean of the differences d found from matched za>2 critical value of z
sample data t t distribution
sd standard deviation of the differences d found ta>2 critical value of t
from matched sample data
df number of degrees of freedom
se standard error of estimate
F F distribution
mx mean of the population of all possible sample
x2 chi-square distribution
means x
x2R right-tailed critical value of chi-square
sx standard deviation of the population of all
possible sample means x x2L left-tailed critical value of chi-square
E margin of error of the estimate of a population p probability of an event or the population proportion
parameter, or expected value q probability or proportion equal to 1 - p
Q1, Q2, Q3 quartiles pn sample proportion
D1, D2, c , D9 deciles qn sample proportion equal to 1 - pn
P1, P2, c , P99 percentiles p proportion obtained by pooling two samples
x data value q proportion or probability equal to 1 - p
f frequency with which a value occurs P(A) probability of event A
Σ capital sigma; summation P (A
B) probability of event A, assuming event B has occurred
Σx sum of the values nPr number of permutations of n items selected r at a
Σx 2 sum of the squares of the values time
(Σx)2 square of the sum of all values nCr number of combinations of n items selected r at a
time
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