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GLPH 271 Final questions well answered to pass
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GLPH 271 Final questions well answered to pass
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GLPH 271 Final questions well answeredto pass
Define global burden of disease - correct answer ✔✔Measure of the total health lost from 100s of
diseases that provides insight into the health of different populations around the world.
What is the GBD study? Data - correct answer ✔✔Tabulates data about causes of death and disability
from all countries around the world, reported as DALYs to report on the health status of countries
What is the GBD study? Ongoing - correct answer ✔✔an ongoing endeavor that quantifies the burden of
premature mortality and disability for major diseases
How is GBD data broken down? - correct answer ✔✔age, sex, race
Health categories to report GBD - correct answer ✔✔1. communicable disease, maternal, perinatal, and
nutrition disorders 2. non-communicable diseases 3. injury
Communicable disease, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional disorders stats - correct answer ✔✔3/10
global deaths - occur largely in poorer populations due to inadequate access to healthcare particularly
preventative care - global rate 30% / poorer countries 50%
Non-communicable stats - correct answer ✔✔most deaths are these conditions (CVD, cancer, etc.) - 6/10
of global deaths - NCDs aren't this high in poorer countries but are increasing
Injury stats - correct answer ✔✔suicide, war, accidents, homicides - largest differences between sexes -
1/8 males, 1/14 females
What does the GBD compare tool allow for? - correct answer ✔✔visualize how patterns of disease
change overtime and compare disease trends by country, age, gender
,What is a communicable disease? - correct answer ✔✔A disease that can be transmitted person to
person, animal to person and insect to person
Communicable disease details - correct answer ✔✔occurs from airborne droplets or bodily fluids
containing virus/bacteria/parasites - nutritional/neonatal/maternal grouped here - present burden for
poor countries
What are the Big 3 Communicable Diseases - correct answer ✔✔HIV - TB - Malaria
HIV - correct answer ✔✔infects wbc, destroying them overtime causing acquired immunodefiency
syndrome (AIDS) - killed 39 mil to date 3.2 children - spread through bodily fluids - treated using
antiretroviral therapy to prolong life and suppress symptoms - prevented with condoms , art to prevent
spread to babies
TB - correct answer ✔✔Bacterium that infects 1/3 of the population but only 5-10% develop infection -
treated with antibiotics but drug resistance is a global health problem and is made worse w/ no-
compliance with medication
Malaria - correct answer ✔✔caused by parasite plasmodium falciparum which can be transmitted from
mosquitos - humans - more prevalent but less deadly than HIV/AIDS - curable using anti-malarial drugs
with insecticide mosquito nets and indoor sprays
Iron deficiency - correct answer ✔✔most common type in the world - affects range from impaired
development in children to decreased work productivity in adults - rarely fatal but staggered impacts on
entire economies and development
Protein energy malnutrition - correct answer ✔✔form of severe calorie or protein deficiency - large
impact on children due to low protein intake esp during breastfeeding - less common but more severe
than iron deficiency - leads to development impacts and 6 mil deaths/year
Maternal - impact on children - correct answer ✔✔poor care and/or nutrition leads to decreased
stability in the home, poor health/death of child, low birth weight - motherless children are less likely to
age education, more likely to die - building a woman's trust in healthcare increases preventative care for
whole family
, Maternal - Economic - correct answer ✔✔70% of those who live in absolute poverty are women -
women are more likely to spend what they make on their family - maternal health interventions are
among the most cost effective - strong maternal health strengthens healthcare system
Maternal - social justice - correct answer ✔✔maternal deaths are rooted in powerlessness and unequal
access - empower women!
Improving neonatal health - correct answer ✔✔1. prenatal visits 2. skilled birth attendants 3. emergency
care 4. post natal care
Neonatal causes of mortality - correct answer ✔✔1. preterm birth and low infections 2. birth weight 3.
birth trauma
non-communicable disease - correct answer ✔✔cannot be spread from person to person, although in
some cases the behaviours that lead to them can be thought as contagious
CVD - correct answer ✔✔coronary / ischemic heart disease - stroke - hypertension - heart failure
rheumatic heart disease - increase due to people living longer and lifestyle changes increasing risk
CVD risk factors / solutions - correct answer ✔✔high BP = make control of your goals - high cholesterol:
treatment plan - diabetes = treatment plan and management - tobacco: quitting - unhealth diet: healthy
diet - physical inactivity: 2hr 30min wk - obesity: maintain healthy weight
CVD interventions - correct answer ✔✔1. access to medication, available but expensive, generic brand is
cheaper, innovative PH research to improve access to drugs from primary and secondary prevention 2.
educate about risk factors and policy
Cancer driving factors causing global increase - correct answer ✔✔1. population is growing 2. population
is aging 3. cancer rates are increasing
Cancer prevention strategies - correct answer ✔✔1. educate people to increase avoidance of common
risk factors 2. vaccinate against HPV and HBV - Hep. B 3. control occupational hazards 4. reduce exposure
to sunlight
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