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principles of chemistry 1 final study guide and chapter 1,2,3 summarized

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Course
Principles of chemistry 1 (1211)

Institution
Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College

Summarized document of principles of chemistry 1 with all chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10 all made into a final exam study guide.

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Uploaded on November 24, 2024
Number of pages 6
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Khatiwada bal
Contains All classes

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Chapter 1
Physical properties Characteristics that can be observed without changing
the substance's composition (e.g., color, density,
melting point).
Chemical Characteristics that involve a chemical change, such
properties as flammability or reactivity with other substances.

Key States of Matter
 Solid: Has a definite shape and volume; particles are closely packed and
vibrate in place.
 Liquid: Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container;
particles can move past one another.
 Gas: Has no fixed shape or volume; particles are spaced widely apart and
move rapidly.

Property type extensive properties intensive
properties

definition Depend on the amount Do not depend on the
of substance amount of substance
examples Mass, volume, length Density, color, melting point
Measurement Changes with the size Remains constant regardless
impact of the sample of sample size

Classification of Matter

Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

 Pure substances consist of only one type of element or compound, with
a fixed chemical composition and well-defined properties.
 Mixtures contain two or more elements or compounds that have not
reacted chemically and can be separated by physical means.
 Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or
heterogeneous (distinct components).

, Chapter 2

 Atomic Theory: The theory that all matter is composed of atoms, which
are indivisible and indestructible particles.
 Periodic Law: The properties of elements are periodic functions of their
atomic numbers, leading to the organization of elements in the periodic

table.
To calculate the average atomic weight of an element:
 Identify the isotopes of the element and their respective masses.
 Determine the percent abundance of each isotope.
 Multiply the mass of each isotope by its percent abundance (as a
decimal).
 Sum the results from step 3 to get the average atomic weight.
 Tip: Ensure that the percent abundances add up to 100%

Concept covalent compounds ionic
compounds
composition Formed by Formed by
sharing transfer of
electrons electrons
between atoms between atoms
bonding Strong covalent Strong ionic
bonds bonds
State at room Can be gases, Usually, solid at
temp liquids, or solids room temp
conductivity Poor conductors Good conductors
of electricity when dissolved
in water
examples Water (H2O), Sodium chloride
carbon dioxide (NaCl),
(CO2 magnesium
oxide (MgO)

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