Unit 5 Patho MN551, Unit 4 Patho,
Unit3Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit 1 MN
551 Patho. Exam Questions And Answers
Updated 2024/2025
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of
edema? - answer✔An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught
at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following
phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - answer✔Products of the
tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures that
govern ventilation?
Question options: - answer✔Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the chest
wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - answer✔Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl
developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune
thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed.
Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by the health care
team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal circulation
would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - answer✔Pulmonary vascular
resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over the course of the
infant's first week.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood
to be largely free of plasma proteins? - answer✔Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital is at
risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following
teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - answer✔"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand
as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal chamber
volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's most likely
diagnosis? - answer✔Aortic valve stenosis
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production system." -
answer✔A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by friends to consider
harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of stem cells. The couple have
approached their nurse practitioner with this request and are seeking clarification of exactly
why stem cells are valuable and what they might expect to gain from harvesting them. How can
the nurse practitioner best respond to the couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of
which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best
captures the genetic explanation for this? - answer✔The outcome is the result of the
interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he has been
awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with little
warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and possible underlying
pathophysiologic problem? - answer✔Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic
and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts of
mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the following
changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of this change? -
answer✔Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the mucociliary
blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their entry into the lungs. The
impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate mucociliary blanket, but the opposite
relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually
result, but not as a direct or immediate consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive heart
failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at an angle in
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous distention a useful
indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - answer✔Blood backs up into the
jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the heart.
Bacterial - answer✔Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective agent
that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in broth and on agar,
grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is
most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident
several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the
genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - answer✔Base pairs may have been
rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - answer✔A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia.
Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in
the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - answer✔A woman who has herpes simplex
and recently recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the
prerenal form of acute renal failure? - answer✔A 22-year-old male who has lost a large amount
of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of cardiovascular
disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the electrical activity of his heart,
insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and physical measurements, and imaging of his
heart. Which of the following series of tests is most likely to provide the needed data for his
diagnosis and care? - answer✔Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced lung
compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be a
contributor to her low lung compliance? - answer✔Her thoracic cage is less flexible than when
she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing
impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the
following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? - answer✔Her kidneys
will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH will decrease.
A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each patient
who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following statements by
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