NUR 354 Exam 3 Review with Complete
Solutions
What is the primary action of statins in managing lipid disorders?
Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol
synthesis, thereby lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
What are common s...
What are common side effects of statin medications?
✔✔Common side effects include muscle pain, liver enzyme abnormalities, and gastrointestinal
issues like nausea or diarrhea.
How do bile acid sequestrants help in the treatment of hyperlipidemia?
✔✔Bile acid sequestrants work by binding to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their
reabsorption, which helps lower LDL cholesterol levels.
What is the role of fibrates in lipid management?
✔✔Fibrates primarily reduce triglyceride levels and can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol. They are particularly effective for patients with high triglyceride levels.
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,What is the mechanism of action of niacin in managing lipid disorders?
✔✔Niacin works by inhibiting the liver's production of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL),
leading to a decrease in triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol.
How do omega-3 fatty acids help in managing lipid disorders?
✔✔Omega-3 fatty acids can lower triglyceride levels and may provide cardiovascular benefits
by reducing inflammation and improving overall lipid profiles.
What are the key nursing considerations when administering statins?
✔✔Nurses should monitor liver function tests, watch for signs of muscle pain or weakness, and
educate patients on the importance of adhering to the prescribed dosage to avoid adverse effects.
What are common side effects of fibrates?
✔✔Common side effects of fibrates include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, diarrhea),
liver function abnormalities, and an increased risk of gallstones.
How does ezetimibe work to lower cholesterol?
✔✔Ezetimibe works by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine, which
leads to a reduction in total cholesterol levels.
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,What is the role of diuretics in the management of heart failure?
✔✔Diuretics help manage fluid overload in heart failure patients by promoting sodium and
water excretion, which reduces edema and improves symptoms like shortness of breath.
How do ACE inhibitors benefit heart failure patients?
✔✔ACE inhibitors reduce the workload on the heart by lowering blood pressure and preventing
the vasoconstriction that exacerbates heart failure. They also decrease afterload and improve
heart function.
What is the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in treating heart failure?
✔✔ARBs, like ACE inhibitors, help relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and reduce the
strain on the heart by blocking the action of angiotensin II.
How do beta-blockers help in heart failure management?
✔✔Beta-blockers reduce the heart rate and blood pressure, decreasing the heart’s workload and
helping to prevent further damage to the heart muscle in heart failure patients.
What is the mechanism of action of digoxin in heart failure treatment?
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, ✔✔Digoxin increases the force of myocardial contraction and slows the heart rate, improving the
heart's pumping efficiency and symptoms of heart failure.
What is the primary benefit of aldosterone antagonists in heart failure?
✔✔Aldosterone antagonists help prevent fluid retention, reduce the risk of arrhythmias, and
improve heart function by blocking the effects of aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water
retention.
What are the main concerns when administering digoxin?
✔✔Nurses should monitor for signs of digoxin toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, visual
disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos), and check the patient's potassium levels to avoid
dangerous interactions.
How does hydralazine work in the management of heart failure?
✔✔Hydralazine works as a vasodilator, helping to relax the blood vessels, reduce afterload, and
improve blood flow to the heart, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.
What lifestyle changes should be encouraged for patients with lipid disorders?
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