Nanobiology-Concepts, Definitions and Prospects. Nanoparticles –size, shape, properties. Bionanoparticles- nanostarch, nanocomposites- dendrimers. Hot-Dot nanoparticles, Types of biomaterials. Biodegradable Polymers,History, scope and applications of Bioi
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MBT401
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Periyar University
These document provided the complete information about :Nanobiology-Concepts, Definitions and Prospects. Nanoparticles –size, shape, properties. Bionanoparticles- nanostarch, nanocomposites- dendrimers. Hot-Dot nanoparticles, Types of biomaterials. Biodegradable Polymers
History, scope and appli...
III B.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY
SUB: NANOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS
UNIT 1:
Nanobiology-Concepts, Definitions and Prospects. Nanoparticles –size, shape,
properties. Bionanoparticles- nanostarch, nanocomposites- dendrimers. Hot-Dot
nanoparticles, Types of biomaterials. Biodegradable Polymers
UNIT 4:
History, scope and applications of Bioinformatics, Literature data banks, pubmed,
biological and Nucleic acid databases, structural database, specialized database and EST
, INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology is an area of modern science and is defined as the science which deals
with the ability to control and manipulate matter at a scale ranging from less than a nanometer up
to 100nm. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter or 10 -9 of a meter, roughly the width of three
or four atoms.
For comparison, C – C bond length = 12-15 nm, and
DNA double-helix = 2 nm dm around,
Mycoplasma = 200 nm in
length.
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at or near the atomic and molecular level
of precision. Simply nanotechnology is defined as the science which deals at the molecular level
to create new materials by using functional systems which are engineered
Nanotechnology has been defined as engineering and manufacturing at nanometer scales, with
atomic precision.
Bionanotechnology is a subset of nanotechnology: atom-level engineering and manufacturing
using biological precedents for guidance. Bionanomachines are designed to atomic
specifications, they perform a well-defined three-dimensional molecular task, and, in the best
applications, they contain mechanisms for individual control embedded in their structure.
Nano- Definitions
Nano : A prefix meaning one billionth (1/1,000,000,000)
Nano biotechnology:
Applies the tools and processes of nano/ micro fabrication to build devices for studying bio
systems in order to learn from biology how to better nano scale devices.
Nanometer:
One nanometer (nm) is equal for one-billionth of a meter , 10-9 m, or a millionth of a
millimeter . Atoms are below a nanometer in size, whereas many molecules, including some
proteins, range from a nanometer upwards.
Nanoscale: 1-100 nanometer range. Scale with nanometer order of magnitude.
, Nanoscience:
The study of phenomena and manipulation of materials an atomic, molecular and
macromolecular scales where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale.
Nanobiology: A branch of biology dealing with nanoscale biological interactions.
Nanotechnology Definitions
“Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanoscale, at
dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel
application”.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can
be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science,
and engineering.
Nanotechnology is “the design, characterisation, production and application of structures,
devices and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanoscale (atomic,
molecular and macromolecular scale) that produces structures, devices and systems with at
least one novel/superior characteristic or property”.
Nanotechnology is deeply rooted in physical, chemical and biological sciences for inspiration,
design, application and implementation. As a technology it owes its development,
commercialisation and rapid rise to the highly-competitive semi-conductor industry of chip
manufacturing and allied sectors. Now, this technology has spilled out of it into many and widely
varied industries, one of which is nanomedicine.
Who coined the term 'nanotechnology'?
The term was coined in 1974 by Norio Taniguichi of of Tokyo Science University to
describe semiconductor processes such as thin-film deposition that deal with control on the order
of nanometers. His definition still stands as the basic statement today: "Nano-technology mainly
consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one
atom or one molecule."
Nanotechnology deals with...
The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) provides the following definition:
... the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100
nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel nanotechnology applications.
Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves
imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.
A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers
thick; a single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter. Dimensions between
approximately 1 and 100 nanometers are known as the nanoscale. Unusual physical,
chemical, and biological properties can emerge in materials at the nanoscale. These properties
, may differ in important ways from the properties of bulk materials and single atoms or molecules.
Father of Nanotechnology: Physicist Richard Feynman
SIZE OF NANO
1nm=10-3 µm =10-6 mm= 10-9 m
Some examples of sizes from the macro to the molecular level are provided in Table
Size(nm) Examples Terminology
0.1-0.5 Individual chemical bonds Molecular /
atomic
0.5-1.0 Small molecules,pores in zeolites molecular
1-1000 Proteins,DNA NANO
103 - 104 Microfluidic channels, MEMS, devices Micro
on a silicon chip, living cells
(bacteria: 1µm; yeast ; 5µm; human
hair: 50 µm
)
>104 Normal bulk matter Macro
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field, which covers a vast and diverse array of devices
derived from engineering, biology, physics and chemistry.
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