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BIOS 1030 Protein Synthesis & Mitosis Lecture Notes
- Course
- BIOS 1030
- Institution
- Ohio University
This is a comprehensive and detailed lecture note on Protein Synthesis & Mitosis for Bios 1030. An Essential Study Resource!!
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BIOS 1030 Protein synthesis and Mitosisparaphrased from video “A Journey into the Cell” from Cambridge
Educational 2002 Monmouth Junction, NJ
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I.Protein synthesis
A. made up of __________________; proteins make up the structure of
many cells including animal cells
B.If all organisms are made up of same proteins, why don’t we look the
same?
What happens when you eat a hamburger; body breaks down protein to
amino acids which are ______________________________;
Ribosomes then make proteins from these amino acids but they make
human protein which is why you look human; amino acids are the same, but
structure and organization is different
1.similar to alphabet 26 letters_________________________ different
combinations of amino acids make different organisms
II. DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid
How do the ribosomes know how to assemble the amino acids your human
protein?
1.inside the cell’s nucleus is _______________________________, a long
polymer made up of 4 subunits
These 4 subunits give the information that the cells reads
These units;
2.____________________: small portion of DNA
____________________________ ie collagen
When DNA starts to make a specific protein, it is copied
by_____________________-;
This process is like making a photocopy of blueprints;
The RNA leaves the nucleus and goes out into the cell to a ribosome
The ribosome reads the instructions on the RNA to be able to make the right
human protein
3.Use of genes in science: can engineer ________________________
, III. Genetic disorders: due to problem genes
Examples: Down’s syndrome, sickle cell anemia
So genetic engineering can help fix this problem as well as make disease-
resistance crops
IV. Cell reproduction
A.Humans and other mammals start out as a small fertilized egg known as a
_____________________________
1.zygote contains 46 chromosomes
of___________________________________________________________
2.How does the cell reproduce itself to form a human?
Has to divide into two parts over and over again;
3. __________________: process by which cells can divide over and over
and still have complete set of 46 chromosomes in each nucleus,
a. _______________________: first phase of mitosis: the chromosomes in
the nucleus make copies of themselves doubling the number of
chromosomes they had before
had 46 chromosomes now have 92; copies of chromosomes remain together
at a central point called the ________________________
b _________________________: phase 2 of mitosis; the cytoskeletal of the
cell re-arranges itself to form the _____________________________ while
the nuclear membrane fragments
c._______________________________________: phase 3 of mitosis the
spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and
___________________________________________________________
d. _________________________: the 2 identical chromosomes separate
and pull themselves to ___________________________________
e._________________________: the last phase, the fragments of the
nuclear membrane assemble
________________________________________________________
mitosis: _________________________________________________
now cells must divide into 2 different cells
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