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BIOS 1030 Lecture Notes
- Course
- BIOS 1030
- Institution
- Ohio University
This is a comprehensive and detailed lecture note on Endocrine System for Bios 1030. An Essential Study Resource!!
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BIOS 1030 The Endocrine SystemParaphrased from Human Biology by Mader and Windelspecht,
2016, McGraw Hill, New York; video from Sport Science
Research “What Price Glory” from W.C. Brown pub and Sports
Science and Dr. Kitty Knowledge
Student copy
I. The Endocrine system
A Function: Like the nervous system, the endocrine system is a control
system to maintain homeostasis in the body. The nervous system is
designed to act quickly and uses nerve signals, conducted by axons
Which cause release of chemicals known as ________________
See figure 16.1
B. The endocrine system is composed of ___________ see figure 16.2
and table 16.2 that___________________________________
Hormones are chemical signals released by glands into the blood
stream and take ___________________________ message than
nerves, __________________________________________
C. Hormone actions: see table 16.2
When a hormone is released it has ________________________ that
it will act on
D. Individual Endocrine Glands
1. Hypothalamus gland brain:
releases____________________________________________
To target the anterior pituitary gland
2. Anterior pituitary gland in brain makes many hormones
a.Thyroid stimulating hormone _________ which stimulates the
thyroid gland that regulates our metabolism, low levels can lead to
fatigue, increased fat gain
b__________________ stimulates the adrenal cortex, gland on top of
kidneys to produce __________________________; too much cortisol
can lead to increased fat, fatigue, immune suppression; need to relax,
reduce stress
, c.______follicle stimulating hormone and ____ luteinizing hormone
stimulate male (testes) and female (ovaries)
d. ______________________________ produces breastmilk after
female has given birth
e. ____________________________: promotes both bone and
muscle growth, fat metabolism
if too little growth hormone is made during childhood, result is
___________________________ see figure 16.8
if too much growth hormone is made during childhood, result
is_____________________________ see figure 16.8
if too much is made in an adult result is ____________________ see
figure 16.8
result is large feet, hands and face
Abuse in Athletes: Some athletes seek to enlarge muscles and use
synthetic growth hormone
--risks: abnormal _____________________, diabetes, thyroid,
heart disease, ______________________
3. Posterior Pituitary
Makes___________, antidiuretic hormone to regulate salt and water
balance (refer to urinary
system); Inability to make ADH causes diabetes
4. Thyroid gland in neck makes ____thyroxine and ___ triiodothronine
which regulate metabolic rate, hyperthyroid causes myxedema and can be
due to a tumor,
Low iodine (reason to use iodized salt) can cause _______ see figure 16.10
5. parathyroids in neck with thyroid secrete __________parathyroid
hormone causes kidneys to reabsorb more calcium and activate vitamin D;
stops when blood calcium returns to normal
6. adrenal gland on top of kidneys: contain inner medulla and outer
cortex both are controlled by hypothalamus
Adrenal medulla: ___________________________________ bringing about
flight or fight reaction similar to sympathetic nervous system
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