BIO 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 3 Questions and Answers
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Course
RPCA
Institution
RPCA
BIO 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 3 Questions and Answers
Opisthokonta
Lineage with contains animals, fungi, and single-celled protists called choanoflagellates
Animals
share key traits such as: lacking cell walls, being heterotrophs (obtain carbon from other organisms), move under their own ...
BIO 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 3
Questions and Answers
Opisthokonta - answer Lineage with contains animals, fungi, and single-celled
protists called choanoflagellates
Animals - answer share key traits such as: lacking cell walls, being heterotrophs
(obtain carbon from other organisms), move under their own power, all other than
sponges have neurons
Comparative Morgphology - answer Provides information about which embryonic,
larval, or adult morphological characteristic are common among groups of individuals
Comparative genomics - answer Provides info about the relative similarity of genes
or whole genomes of diverse organisms.
Sponges - answer Earliest animals to be added to the fossil record, more than 600
million years ago
Choanocytes - answer Sponge feeding cells
Epithelium - answer A layer of tightly joined cells that covers the interior and/or the
exterior surface of the animal
Spicule - answer Stiff spikes of silica or calcium carbonate that provide structural
support to the ECM
Ectoderm - answer gives ride to skin and the nervous system
Endoderm - answer gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract
Mesoderm - answer Gives rise to the circulatory system, muscle, and internal
structures such as bone and most organs
Radial Symmetry - answer Symmetrical in all angles, common in Ctenophores, many
cnidarians, and some sponges
Bilateral Symmetry - answer Symmetrical on only one plane. Common in worms.
Plane runs length wise
Bilaterians - answer Triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical animals. Happens when
posterior-anterior
, Sponges lack - answer nerve cells and symmetry
Ctenophores & Cnidarians - answer Types of jellyfish, radially symmetric animals
that either float in water or are attached to a substrate. Radially symmetric makes it
more likely to find prey, can attack in any direction.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - answer Found in animals that do not have a nerve
net. Neurons are clustered into one or more large tracts or cords that project throughout
the body, some are clustered into masses called ganglia
Nerve Net - answer Cells that are organized into a diffuse arrangement
Cephalization - answer Evolution of a head, or anterior region, where structures for
feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information are concentrated
Acoela (small worms) - answer Only bilateral triploblastic organisms
Coelom - answer Fluid-filled cavity between the inner and outer tubes
Coelomates - answer Bilaterians that posses a coelom that is completely lined in
mesoderm
Acoelomates - answer Bilaterians that lost their coelom, like flatworms
Pseudocoelomates - answer Bilaterians that retained a coelum but like the
mesodermal lining in ther coelom, like nematodes (roundworms)
Protostomes ("First Mouth") - answer Animals in which the mouth developes before
the anus; blocks of mesoderm hollow out to form coelom
Deuterostomes ("Second Mouth") - answer Animals in which the anus develops
before the mouth; pocket of mesoderm pinch off to form the coelom
Lophotrochozoa - answer (Spiral Cleavage) Do not molt. Major group within
protostomes that includes mollusks, annelids, flatworms, and rotifers. Grow
continuously when conditions are good. Have a type of larvae called trochophore,
feeding structure called lophophore
Ecdysozoa - answer (Grow by molting) Major group within protostomes that includes
arthropods and nematodes. Grow by shedding their exoskeleton and expanding their
bodies
Segmentation - answer Defined by the presence of repeated body structures.
Detritivores - answer Animals that feed on dead organic matter
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