Bio 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 1 Questions and Answers
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Course
RPCA
Institution
RPCA
Bio 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 1 Questions and Answers
Evolution
a change in characteristics of a population (NOT ORGANISM) over time. Descent with modification
Natural Selection
Explains how evolution occurs. Insight by Darwin and Wallace, and occurs when two conditions are met: heritable...
Bio 94 | Aguilar-Roca Midterm 1
Questions and Answers
Evolution - answer a change in characteristics of a population (NOT ORGANISM)
over time. Descent with modification
Natural Selection - answer Explains how evolution occurs. Insight by Darwin and
Wallace, and occurs when two conditions are met: heritable traits, and survival of the
fittest.
Heritable Traits - answer Traits that can be passed on to offspring. Certain versions
of these traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than others
Population - answer a group of individuals of the same species living in the same
area at the same time
Fitness - answer the ability of an individual to produce viable offspring. Individuals
with high fitness produce many offspring
Adaptation - answer a trait that increases the fitness of an individual in particular
environment
Speciation - answer Causes populations of one species to diverge and form new
species
Tree of Life - answer a family tree of all organisms from the beginning of time. A
phylogenic tree
Phylogeny - answer An organism's actual genealogical relationships
Eukaryotes - answer Have nucleus in cell
Prokaryotes - answer Don't have nucleus in cell
LUCA - answer The one common ancestor of all cells. "Last Universal Common
Ancestor"
Taxonomy - answer The effort to name and classify organisms
Taxon - answer Any named group of organisms
Domain - answer Known origin of tree's branches - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
, Phylum - answer Term used to refer to major lineages within each domain
Scientific Names Use: - answer Genus and Species
Genus - answer First part of name. Closely related group of species. i.e. Homo for
humans
Species - answer Second part of name. i.e. Sapiens for humans
Explain The Giraffe Phenomenon - answer Because the hypothesis that Giraffe's
have long necks so that they can reach food in high trees was so plausible, no one
thought to test it for decades. In the Mid-1990s, Robert Simmons and Lue Scheepers
put together an experiment to test the theory and realized it was wrong. The long necks
were actually used for sexual competition. The males fight each other by swinging their
necks for an opportunity to mate with the female in the estrus.
Null Hypothesis - answer Specifies what should be observed when the hypothesis
being tested isn't correct.
Typological Thinking - answer Idea that species are unchanging types and that
variations within species are unimportant or even misleading. Refers to biblical thinking.
Two Predictions About The Nature of Species - answer 1. Species change through
time
2. Species are related by common ancestry
Fossil - answer Any trace of an organism that lived in the past
Extant Species - answer Species alive today
Sedimentary Rocks - answer Rocks developed over long periods of time from
materials such as lava or sand and have layers.
Geologic Time Scale - answer A sequence of named intervals called eons, eras, and
periods that represented the major events in earth history.
How Old is the Earth - answer 4.6 billion years
Transitional Feature - answer a trait in a fossil species that is intermediate between
those of ancestral and derived species
Vestigial Trait - answer A reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no
function, or reduced function, but is clearly similar to functioning organs or structures in
closely related species. i.e. Ostriches and kiwis have reduced wings and cannot fly.
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