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Nr 602 Exam Study Guide Solutions

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Nr 602 Exam Study Guide Solutions Strabismus - ANSWER-crossed eyes; a defect in In ocular alignment, or the position of the eyes in relation to each other; It is commonly called lazy eye. And strabismus, the visual axes are not parallel because the muscles of the eyes are not coordinated; When ...

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  • November 25, 2024
  • 217
  • 2024/2025
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  • NR602
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EmillyCharlotte
Nr 602 Exam Study Guide Solutions


Strabismus - ANSWER✔✔-crossed eyes; a defect in In ocular alignment, or

the position of the eyes in relation to each other; It is commonly called lazy

eye. And strabismus, the visual axes are not parallel because the muscles of

the eyes are not coordinated; When one eye is directed straight ahead, the

other deviates


Retinoblastoma - ANSWER✔✔-tumor arising from a developing retinal

cell; intraocular tumor that develops in the retina. Although it is rare, this

malignant retinal tumor is the most common tumor in childhood (some 4%

of cancers in children younger than 15 years of age)


Retinoblastoma clinical findings - ANSWER✔✔-strabismus is the most

common finding


there is a decreased visual acuity uni- or bilateral white pupil (leukocoria),

described often as an intermittent "glow, glint, gleam, or glare" by parents,

is usually seen in low light settings or noted in photographs taken with a

flash i.e. (cat's eye reflex); other symptoms include an abnormal red reflex,

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,nystagmus, glaucoma, orbital Cellulitis and photophobia, hyphema,

hypopyon (plus an anterior Chamber of eye); Signs of global rupture or

also possible


leukocoria - ANSWER✔✔-condition of white pupil


Bulbar or palpebral conjunctival infection - ANSWER✔✔-a common

presentation, which can be unilateral or bilateral


conjunctival infection differential diagnosis - ANSWER✔✔-allergy,

conjunctivitis, infection, foreign body, chemical exposure, or systemic

inflammatory disease, irritation of the conjunctiva or cornea, and

congenital glaucoma.


conjunctival infection drainage - ANSWER✔✔-watery discharge;

purulent/mucoid discharge


watery discharge - ANSWER✔✔-can occur with allergies, nasolacrimal

obstruction, foreign bodies, viral infection, and iritis.


Purulent or mucoid discharge - ANSWER✔✔-noted with chronic

dacrocystitis or nasolacrimal obstruction.



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,Dacrocystitis - ANSWER✔✔-inflammation of the tear sac


Advanced allergic conjunctivitis - ANSWER✔✔-have some mucoid

production.


To differentiate, microscopic investigation of discharge may lead to other

clues


photophobia - ANSWER✔✔-sensitivity to light; symptom common of

trauma and in infants with glaucoma or retinal disease. Other non-eye

related causes of this include migraines and meningitis.


leukocoria - ANSWER✔✔-serious finding and demands immediate referral

to the pediatric ophthalmologist. white pupil


causes of leukocoria - ANSWER✔✔-retinal detachment, cataract, retinal

dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and in newborns retinoblastoma All

newborns should have a fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth

and yearly on physical examinations.


ophthalmia neonatorum - ANSWER✔✔-conjunctivitis of the newborn.

Etiology: chlamydia, staphylococcus aureus, gonorrhea, HSV (silver nitrate

reaction occurs on 10% of neontes). Clinical findings: erythema, chemosis,

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, purulent exudate with gonorrhea. Clear to mucoid exudate with

chlamydia. Diagnosis through gram stain to rule out gonorrhea and

chlamydia.


ophthalmia neonatorum management - ANSWER✔✔-saline irrigation to

the eyes until exudate is gone; follow with erythromycin ointment. N.

gonorrohea: ceftriaxone IM or IV. Chlamydia:


ceftriaxone IM or IV. Chlamydia: - ANSWER✔✔-ophthalmia neonatorum

management x/t N. gonorrohea:


Erythromycin or possibly azithromycin PO - ANSWER✔✔-ophthalmia

neonatorum management d/t Chlamydia:


Antivirals IV or PO - ANSWER✔✔-Ophthalmia neonatorum management

d/t HSV


Bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER✔✔-pinkeye; very contagious


Bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER✔✔-in neonates 5-14 days, preschoolers,

sexually active teens: Haemphilus influenza (Most common organism),

streptococcus pneumoniae, S. Aureus, N. gonorrohea. Erythema, chemosis,

itching, burning, mucopurulent exudate, matter in the eyelashes - worse in

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