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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Study Guide Solutions Updated HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER-can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can...

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  • November 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Study Guide
Solutions Updated


HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER✔✔-can use urine,

saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure

to see antibodies, >99% accurate


4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"


measures P24 antigen


can test 10 days post exposure


Mast cell - ANSWER✔✔-Cellular bags of granules located in loose

connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory

process.


Histamine - ANSWER✔✔-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular

permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema

and swelling.




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/27

,Cytokines - ANSWER✔✔-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation

of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be

pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more

delayed.


Leukotrines - ANSWER✔✔-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong

the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,

monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.


Prostaglandins - ANSWER✔✔-Released when mast cells degranulate, are

produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet

aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.


Chemotactic factors - ANSWER✔✔-Biochemical substance that attracts

leukocyte to the site of inflammation


Neutrophils - ANSWER✔✔-Predominant leukocyte at work during the

early stages of acute inflammation


Monocytes - ANSWER✔✔-Become macrophages when entering the tissue,

responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell

immunity and B-cell immunity.

Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/27

, Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.


Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER✔✔-Causes fever, activates phagocytes &

lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a


Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER✔✔-Stimulates production of acute phase

reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs


Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER✔✔-Causes fever, increases synthesis of

proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces

thrombosis


Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER✔✔-Promotes production and

maturation of neutrophils


Complement - ANSWER✔✔-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation

and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,

chemotaxis, and opsonization.


Kinin - ANSWER✔✔-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for

pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and

vasodilation.



Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/27

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