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NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide Solutions

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Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/29 How are free radicals produced? - ANSWER-1. Normal cellular respiration 2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light) 3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides 4. Transition of metal...

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  • November 26, 2024
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  • Nurs 5315
  • Nurs 5315
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EmillyCharlotte
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Study Guide Solutions




Ovarian cancer site of metastasis? - ANSWER✔✔-Peritoneal surfaces,

omentum (fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other

abdominal organs), *liver*



Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/29

,The increased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver from ethanol causes: -

ANSWER✔✔-1. Pyruvate --> lactic acid, causing lactic acidosis


2. Oxaloacetate --> malate. This prevents gluconeogenesis and leads to

hypoglycemia


3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> glycerol 3- phosphate and combines

with fatty acids to form triglycerides in the liver, known as hepatosteatosis


4. Decreases citric acid cycle production of NADH and leads to using

Acetyl-CoA for ketogenesis and lipogenesis


What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - ANSWER✔✔-Heart disease,

Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease,

HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation,

damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin

destruction, damage mitochondria


What is the body's defense against ROS? - ANSWER✔✔-Antioxidants

(Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin,

transferrin)




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/29

, How are free radicals produced? - ANSWER✔✔-1. Normal cellular

respiration


2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)


3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides


4. Transition of metals


5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical


action potential - ANSWER✔✔-Process of conducting an impulse.

Activates the neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes


Threshold potential - ANSWER✔✔-Point at which depolarization must

reach in order to initiate an action potential


Hypokalemia and action potentials - ANSWER✔✔-HYPERpolarized (more

negative, ex. -100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:

weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias


Hyperkalemia and action potentials - ANSWER✔✔-HYPOpolarized (more

positive, ex: closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/29

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