FUNDAMENTALS LPN EXIT EXAM LATEST 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM 80 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+// WITH 80% PASS
RATE
The practical nurse (PN) identifies several findings in an older female who is on prolonged bed rest.
Which finding requires prompt action by the PN? A. Heart rate increase of 10 beats per minute.
B. Bowel movements decrease to one every third day.
C. Urinary output decrease of 250 ml in the last 24 hours.
D. Systolic blood pressure decrease of 10 mm Hg. - ANSWER-B. Immobility reduces venous return,
appetite, fluid intake, and peristalsis, which reduces the frequency of bowel movements and increases
the risk for constipation and impaction, which requiring prompt intervention. Although (A, C, and D)
are expected findings of immobility, prompt intervention is not required.
The practical nurse (PN) is providing wound care for a client with a stage III pressure ulcer on the left
heel. To achieve the goal, an increase in granulation tissue development within two weeks, which
intervention should the PN implement?
A. Replace dry sterile dressings as needed.
B. Irrigate wound with sterile normal saline.
C. Apply heat for 15 minutes three times daily.
D. Remove heel protector every two hours. - ANSWER-B. Normal saline irrigation and light mechanical
action with gauze sponges provides gentle cleansing that prevents disruption of granulation tissue (B).
(A, C and D) may impair tissue granulation.
In planning care for an older client on bed rest, which intervention should the practical nurse include in
the prevention of pressure ulcers?
A. Massage carefully over each bony prominence.
B. Elevate the head of the bed less than 30 degrees.
C. Place the client in a lateral position over the trochanter.
D. Use a donut device when placing the client in a sitting position. - ANSWER-B. Elevating the head of
the bed to 30 degrees or less decreases shearing forces that contribute to the development of
pressure ulcer. (A, C, and D) contribute to tissue damage over pressure points and should be avoided.
,What position should the practical nurse (PN) place a client in who is receiving an enteral tube feeding?
A. Sitting upright.
B. Lying on the side.
C. Supine with the head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees.
D. Fowler's with the head of the bed elevated at 45 to 60 degrees. - ANSWER-C. To prevent the risk of
aspiration during an enteral tube feeding, a client should be positioned with the head of the bed
elevated 30 to 45 degrees, which uses gravitational flow to reduce reflux. Sitting upright (A) places
pressure on the abdomen, including the stomach, and contributes to gastric reflux via the esophagus
to the trachea. A side lying position (B) does not ensure the client's head of the bed is elevated. (D)
places pressure on the stomach, as does (A), and increases the risk for gastric reflux and subsequently
aspiration.
Following a cholecystectomy, a client asks the practical nurse (PN) about dietary restrictions that may
need to be followed. Which diet should the PN recommend? A. A low-cholesterol and high
carbohydrate diet.
B. Restricted sodium and increased fluid intake.
C. A well-balanced diet with no other restrictions.
D. Small, frequent meals to reduce indigestion. - ANSWER-C. Following a cholecystectomy, bile enters
the small intestine continually rather than in response to food in the gastrointestinal tract, so a
wellbalanced diet with no specific restrictions should be recommended
What nutritional information should the PN provide a client with heart failure (HF)? A.
Abstain from alcoholic beverages.
B. Restrict dietary sodium intake.
C. Maintain a healthy weight.
D. Exclude dietary saturated fats. - ANSWER-B. To lessen the workload of the heart, restricting dietary
sodium reduces fluid retention and blood pressure and is a dietary recommendation for HF. (A) is not
necessary but should be limited for a client with HF. Although (C and D) are recommendations to
reduce the risk of heart disease, sodium restriction focuses on reducing fluid retention and the
workload of the failing heart.
For several days after her husband's death, a client who is admitted with acute depression repeats over
and over, I should have made him go to the doctor when he said he didn't feel well. Which descriptor
should the practical nurse use to document the client's feelings? A. Guilt.
, B. Anger.
C. Depression.
D. Bargaining. - ANSWER-A. Guilt is expressed as a bereaved person's self-reproach. When a loved one is
lost, the grieving process begins. The recovery through this process can be slow but must be
recognized as a natural part of life. Psychological growth comes with time as the client moves through
the grief process (denial, anger, bargaining, guilt (B), depression (C), loneliness, bargaining (D),
acceptance, and hope), which all clients may not go through.
An 80-year-old male client who has arthritis and is having difficulty walking, tells the practical nurse (PN),
"It's awful to be old. It seems as though every day is a struggle. No one cares about an old person." What
is the best response for the PN to provide? A. It's true. We are a youth-oriented society.
B. Oh, let's not focus on the negative. Tell me something good.
C. It sounds as though you're having a difficult time. Tell me about it.
D. You're still able to get around, and your mind is as sharp as a tack. - ANSWER-C. An essential
component of the nurse-client relationship is communicating empathy which indicates to a client that
his feelings are important, so acknowledging the client's difficulty best allows the client to express his
feelings.
Which growth and developmental characteristic should the practical nurse (PN) consider when
discussing spirituality with an adolescent client? A. Has a good concept of a supreme being.
B. Questions religious practices and values.
C. Gives oneself to spiritual tasks.
D. Accepts the meaning of spiritual faith. - ANSWER-B. An adolescent often reconsiders child-like
concepts of a spiritual power, and in the search for an identity may either question practices and
values, or may find spiritual power as the motivation to seek a clearer meaning to life. Older adults,
not adolescents, often turn to important relationships and give themselves to spiritual tasks (C).
Adolescents do not necessarily have a good concept of a supreme being (A) nor fully accept the
meaning of spiritual faith
The practical nurse (PN) is assessing a client with dark skin who is in respiratory distress. Which client
response should the PN evaluate to determine cyanosis in this client? A. Cyanosis in a client with
dark skin is seen only in the sclera.
B. Abnormal skin color changes in a client with dark skin cannot be determined.
C. The lips and mucous membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color.
